PV 的特征为色素改变。以往,认为这些皮损的颜色是随日晒长短、感染时间以及患者正常肤色差异而变化的,肤色较深的人群皮损为色素减退斑,肤色较浅的人群则为色素沉着斑。[13]Gupta AK, Kogan N, Batra R. Pityriasis versicolor: a review of pharmacological treatment options. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005;6:165-178.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15757415?tool=bestpractice.com然而,一项研究发现 PV 中色素不同与感染持续时间或患者肤色之间不存在任何关联。[4]Aljabre SH, Alzayir AA, Abdulghani M, et al. Pigmentary changes of tinea versicolor in dark-skinned patients. Int J Dermatol. 2001;40:273-275.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11454084?tool=bestpractice.com有多条理论来解释为什么本病表现为色素减退和色素沉着)。
色素沉着减退一直被认为
黑素细胞受损
二羧酸抑制酪氨酸酶[15]Nazzaro-Porro M, Passi S. Identification of tyrosinase inhibitors in culture of Pityrosporum. J Invest Dermatol. 1978;71:205-208.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/99481?tool=bestpractice.com
脂过氧化物酶[16]De Luca C, Picardo M, Breathnach A, et al. Lipoperoxidase activity of Pityrosporum: characterisation of by-products and possible role in pityriasis versicolor. Exp Dermatol. 1996;5:49-56.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8624612?tool=bestpractice.com这种二羧酸是由马拉色菌属生成的
黑素小体
受累皮肤中黑素小体数量减少[17]Karaoui R, Bou-Resli M, Alzaid NS, et al. Tinea versicolor: ultrastructural studies on hypopigmented and hyperpigmented skin. Dermatologica. 1981;162:69-85.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195831?tool=bestpractice.com
马拉色菌属使脂类物质在角质层堆积,以阻挡紫外线。[18]Borgers M, Cauwenbergh G, Van De Ven M, et al. Pityriasis versicolor and Pityrosporum ovale: morphogenetic and ultrastructural considerations. Int J Dermatol. 1987;26:586-589.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3443527?tool=bestpractice.com
然而,这个关于阻挡紫外线的最新理论并不能解释本病常在非日晒部位上出现的色素脱失斑。[19]Thoma W, Kramer HJ, Mayser P. Pityriasis versicolor alba. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19:147-152.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15752280?tool=bestpractice.com黑素细胞受损和二羧酸抑制酪氨酸酶理论似乎能更好的用来解释为何在成功治疗后仍需数月至数年才能实现色素恢复。[1]Schwartz RA. Superficial fungal infections. Lancet. 2004;364:1173-1182.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451228?tool=bestpractice.com
色素沉着一直认为是由黑素小体异常增大、[17]Karaoui R, Bou-Resli M, Alzaid NS, et al. Tinea versicolor: ultrastructural studies on hypopigmented and hyperpigmented skin. Dermatologica. 1981;162:69-85.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7195831?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Allen HB, Charles CR, Johnson BL. Hyperpigmented tinea versicolor. Arch Dermatol. 1976;112:1110-1112.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/952528?tool=bestpractice.com角质层厚变厚[21]Galdari I, El Komy M, Mousa A, et al. Tinea versicolor: histologic and ultrastructural investigation of pigmentary changes. Int J Dermatol. 1992;31:253-256.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1378819?tool=bestpractice.com以及炎性引起的充血反应导致的。[22]Dotz WI, Henrickson DM, Yu GS, et al. Tinea versicolor: a light and electron microscopic study of hyerpigmented skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985;12:37-44.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3980802?tool=bestpractice.com