治疗后 4~6 个月检查嗜酸粒细胞计数。6 个月后持续的嗜酸粒细胞增多症应考虑为治疗失败,并启动再次治疗。[7]Boulware DR, Stauffer WM, Hendel-Paterson BR, et al. Maltreatment of Strongyloides infection: case series and worldwide physicians-in-training survey. Am J Med. 2007;120:545.e1-545.e8.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=17524758http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17524758?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Loutfy MR, Wilson M, Keystone JS, et al. Serology and eosinophil count in the diagnosis and management of strongyloidiasis in a non-endemic area. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002;66:749-752.http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/reprint/66/6/749http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12224585?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Newberry AM, Williams DN, Stauffer WM, et al. Strongyloides hyperinfection presenting as acute respiratory failure and gram-negative sepsis. Chest. 2005;128:3681-3684.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1941746/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16304332?tool=bestpractice.com
对于需要延长疗程的患者(初始疗法效果不佳),在 3 和 6 个月随访时进行粪便虫卵和寄生虫 (O&P) 检查以确定是否根除类圆线虫。也应重复进行血清学检查。[39]Biggs BA, Caruana S, Mihrshahi S, et al. Management of chronic strongyloidiasis in immigrants and refugees: is serologic testing useful? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;80:788-791.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19407125?tool=bestpractice.com6 个月后,定量血清学检查滴度下降 40% 或滴度增加则提示需进行再次治疗。[40]Salvador F, Sulleiro E, Sánchez-Montalvá A, et al. Usefulness of strongyloides stercoralis serology in the management of patients with eosinophilia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014;90:830-834.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4015573/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24615124?tool=bestpractice.com