通常感染是从人类粪便传播至环境,再通过皮肤接触受污染的土壤传播给人类。可能发生人与人之间的传染,但仅在直接接触含有传染性丝状蚴的人类粪便时才会出现。感染的初级预防包括在流行地区穿鞋子以及建立适当的污水和卫生系统以处理受感染的人类粪便。
自 1999 年以来,已针对迁移至美国的难民给予单剂量阿苯达唑,作为离境前治疗。阿苯达唑可降低类圆线虫负荷,使粪便虫卵和寄生虫试验更难以检测幼虫,但单剂量阿苯达唑不会根除类圆线虫病。自 2008 年以来,美国疾病控制与预防中心指南建议移民难民服用两天的伊维菌素,但中非罗阿丝虫流行国家/地区的移民除外,[21]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Guidelines for overseas presumptive treatment of strongyloidiasis, schistosomiasis, and soil-transmitted helminth infections for refugees resettling to the United States. September 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/ (last accessed 4 July 2016).http://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/guidelines/overseas/intestinal-parasites-overseas.html因为大量杀死罗阿丝虫微丝蚴可导致发热和脑炎。[22]Esum M, Wanji S, Tendongfor N, et al. Co-endemicity of loiasis and onchocerciasis in the South West Province of Cameroon: implications for mass treatment with ivermectin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001;95:673-676.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11816443?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Ducorps M, Gardon-Wendel N, Ranque S, et al. Secondary effects of the treatment of hypermicrofilaremic loiasis using ivermectin. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 1995;88:105-112.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8555762?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Gardon J, Gardon-Wendel N, Demanga-Ngangue, et al. Serious reactions after mass treatment of onchocerciasis with ivermectin in an area endemic for Loa loa infection. Lancet. 1997;350:18-22.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9217715?tool=bestpractice.com撒哈拉以南非洲难民也接受吡喹酮以治疗血吸虫病。