BMJ Best Practice

参考文献

关键文献

Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, et al. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul;32(7):1335-43.

Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee, Goguen J, Gilbert J. Hyperglycemic emergencies in adults. Can J Diabetes. 2018 Apr;42(suppl 1):S109-14.

参考文章

1.  Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, et al. Management of hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001 Jan;24(1):131-53.

2.  Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Miles JM, et al. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jul;32(7):1335-43.

3.  Bhattacharyya OK, Estey EA, Cheng AY. Update on the Canadian Diabetes Association 2008 clinical practice guidelines. Can Fam Physician. 2009 Jan;55(1):39-43.

4.  Wolfsdorf JI, Allgrove J, Craig ME, et al; International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes. ISPAD clinical practice consensus guidelines 2014. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Pediatr Diabetes. 2014 Sep;15(suppl 20):154-79.

5.  Wachtel TJ, Tetu-Mouradjian LM, Goldman DL, et al. Hyperosmolarity and acidosis in diabetes mellitus: a three-year experience in Rhode Island. J Gen Intern Med. 1991 Nov-Dec;6(6):495-502.

6.  Lorber D. Nonketotic hypertonicity in diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North Am. 1995 Jan;79(1):39-52.

7.  Umpierrez GE, Smiley DD. Complications. In: Fonseca V, ed. Clinical diabetes. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2006:101-8.

8.  Trence DL, Hirsch IB. Hyperglycemic crises in diabetes mellitus type 2. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2001 Dec;30(4):817-31.

9.  Umpierrez GE, Kelly JP, Navarrete JE, et al. Hyperglycemic crises in urban Blacks. Arch Intern Med. 1997 Mar 24;157(6):669-75.

10.  Kitabchi AE, Fisher JN, Murphy MB, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis and the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic state. In: Kahn CR, Weir GC, eds. Joslin's diabetes mellitus. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger; 1994:738-70.

11.  Fadini GP, de Kreutzenberg SV, Rigato M, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome in a cohort of 51 consecutive cases at a single center. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011 Nov;94(2):172-9.

12.  Wachtel TJ, Silliman RA, Lamberton P. Prognostic factors in the diabetic hyperosmolar state. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1987 Aug;35(8):737-41.

13.  Chung ST, Perue GG, Johnson A, et al. Predictors of hyperglycaemic crises and their associated mortality in Jamaica. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006 Aug;73(2):184-90.

14.  Magee MF, Bhatt BA. Management of decompensated diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Crit Care Clin. 2001 Jan;17(1):75-106.

15.  Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, et al. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2006 Dec;29(12):2739-48.

16.  Pasquel FJ, Umpierrez GE. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state: a historic review of the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Diabetes Care. 2014 Nov;37(11):3124-31.

17.  Sypniewski E Jr, Mirtallo JM, Schneider PJ. Hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic, nonketotic coma in a patient receiving home total parenteral nutrient therapy. Clin Pharm. 1987 Jan;6(1):69-73.

18.  Kopff B, Mucha S, Wolffenbuttel BH, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis in a patient with acromegaly. Med Sci Monit. 2001 Jan-Feb;7(1):142-7.

19.  Gooch BR. Cushing's syndrome manifesting as pseudo-central hypothyroidism and hyperosmolar diabetic coma. Endocr Pract. 2002 Mar-Apr;8(2):119-23.

20.  Shirahige Y, Watanabe T, Oki Y, et al. A case of cervical carcinoma of the uterus presenting with hyperosmolar non-ketotic coma as a manifestation of ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone syndrome. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1991 Jun;82(6):710-5.

21.  Alavi IA, Sharma BK, Pillay VK. Steroid-induced diabetic ketoacidosis. Am J Med Sci. 1971 Jul;262(1):15-23.

22.  Nardone DA, Bouma DJ. Hyperglycemia and diabetic coma: possible relationship to diuretic-propranolol therapy. South Med J. 1979 Dec;72(12):1607-8.

23.  Diamond MT. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma associated with hydrochlorothiazide and pancreatitis. N Y State J Med. 1972 Jul 1;72(13):1741-2.

24.  Podolsky S, Pattavina CG. Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma: a complication of propranolol therapy. Metabolism. 1973 May;22(5):685-93.

25.  Munshi MN, Martin RE, Fonseca VA. Hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic syndrome following treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection with didanosine. Diabetes Care. 1994 Apr;17(4):316-7.

26.  Carter BL, Small RE, Mandel MD, et al. Phenytoin-induced hyperglycemia. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981 Oct;38(10):1508-12.

27.  Yadav V, Deopujari K. Gatifloxacin and dysglycemia in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jun 22;354(25):2725-6.

28.  Reddy J. Hyperglycemia and renal failure related to the use of cimetidine. N Z Med J. 1981 May 27;93(684):354-5.

29.  Kilby JM, Tabereaux PB. Severe hyperglycemia in an HIV clinic: preexisting versus drug-associated diabetes mellitus. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998 Jan 1;17(1):46-50.

30.  Gambini D, Brambilla AM, Galli C, et al. Increased hyperglycemia during cotreatment with pentamidine and corticosteroids in AIDS patients. AIDS. 1997 Nov;11(13):1652-3.

31.  Newcomer JW. Second generation (atypical) antipsychotics and metabolic effects: a comprehensive literature review. CNS Drugs. 2005;19(suppl 1):1-93.

32.  Wilson DR, D'Souza L, Sarkar N, et al. New-onset diabetes and ketoacidosis with atypical antipsychotics. Schizophr Res. 2003 Jan 1;59(1):1-6.

33.  Turpin BP, Duckworth WC, Solomon SS. Simulated hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Impaired insulin and epinephrine effects upon lipolysis in the isolated rat fat cell. J Clin Invest. 1979 Mar;63(3):403-9.

34.  Kitabchi AE, Rumbak MJ. Diabetic ketoacidosis: diagnosis; diabetic ketoacidosis: treatment; hyperosmolar nonketotic coma; and maintenance treatment after hyperglycemic crisis. In: Callahan MI, Barton CW, Schumaker HM, eds. Decision making in emergency medicine. Philadelphia, PA: BC Decker; 1990:178-85.

35.  Miles JM, Haymond MW, Nissen SL, et al. Effects of free fatty acid availability, glucagon excess, and insulin deficiency on ketone body production in postabsorptive man. J Clin Invest. 1983 Jun;71(6):1554-61.

36.  Wachtel TJ, Silliman RA, Lamberton P. Predisposing factors for the diabetic hyperosmolar state. Arch Intern Med. 1988 Mar;148(3):747.

37.  Seki S. Clinical features of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic diabetic coma associated with cardiac operations. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1986 Jun;91(6):867-73.

38.  Roubsanthisuk W, Watanakejorn P, Tunlakit M, et al. Hyperthyroidism induces glucose intolerance by lowering both insulin secretion and peripheral insulin sensitivity. J Med Assoc Thai. 2006 Nov;89(suppl 5):S133-40.

39.  Cooppan R, Kozak GP. Hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus. An analysis of 70 patients. Arch Intern Med. 1980 Mar;140(3):370-3.

40.  Harden CL, Rosenbaum DH, Daras M. Hyperglycemia presenting with occipital seizures. Epilepsia. 1991 Mar-Apr;32(2):215-20.

41.  Dhatariya KK, Vellanki P. Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)/hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS): novel advances in the management of hyperglycemic crises (UK versus USA). Curr Diab Rep. 2017 May;17(5):33.

42.  Scott AR. The management of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in adults with diabetes: a summary of a report from the Joint British Diabetes Society for Inpatient Care. Brit J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2015;15(2):89-93.

43.  Umpierrez GE, Smiley D, Kitabchi AE. Narrative review: ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Mar 7;144(5):350-7.

44.  Soar J, Nolan JP, Böttiger BW, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2015: Section 3. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation. 2015;95:100-147.

45.  Soar J, Nolan JP, Böttiger BW, et al; Adult advanced life support section collaborators. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for resuscitation 2015: section 3. Adult advanced life support. Resuscitation. 2015 Oct;95:100-47.

46.  Colquhoun MC, Handley AJ, Evans TR, eds. ABC of resuscitation. 5th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2004.

47.  Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee, Goguen J, Gilbert J. Hyperglycemic emergencies in adults. Can J Diabetes. 2018 Apr;42(suppl 1):S109-14.

48.  Matz R. Management of the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 1999 Oct 1;60(5):1468-76.

49.  Kusminsky RE. Complications of central venous catheterization. J Am Coll Surg. 2007 Apr;204(4):681-96.

50.  McGee DC, Gould MK. Preventing complications of central venous catheterization. N Engl J Med. 2003 Mar 20;348(12):1123-33.

51.  Smith RN, Nolan JP. Central venous catheters. BMJ. 2013 Nov 11;347:f6570.

52.  Reich DL. Monitoring in anesthesia and perioperative care. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2011.

53.  Abbott Northwestern Hospital Internal Medicine Residency. Internal jugular central venous line. 2015 [internet publication].

54.  Bishop L, Dougherty L, Bodenham A, et al. Guidelines on the insertion and management of central venous access devices in adults. Int J Lab Hematol. 2007 Aug;29(4):261-78.

55.  Fletcher SJ, Bodenham AR. Safe placement of central venous catheters: where should the tip of the catheter lie? Br J Anaesth. 2000 Aug;85(2):188-91.

56.  Gibson F, Bodenham A. Misplaced central venous catheters: applied anatomy and practical management. Br J Anaesth. 2013 Mar;110(3):333-46.

57.  Schuster M, Nave H, Piepenbrock S, et al. The carina as a landmark in central venous catheter placement. Br J Anaesth. 2000 Aug;85(2):192-4.

58.  Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard CM, et al. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Aug 14;(8):CD007798.

59.  Umpierrez GE, Cuervo R, Karabell A, et al. Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with subcutaneous insulin aspart. Diabetes Care. 2004 Aug;27(8):1873-8.

60.  Umpierrez GE, Latif K, Stoever J, et al. Efficacy of subcutaneous insulin lispro versus continuous intravenous regular insulin for the treatment of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Am J Med. 2004 Sep 1;117(5):291-6.

61.  Lavis VR, D'Souza D, Brown SD. Decompensated diabetes. New features of an old problem. Circulation. 1994 Dec;90(6):3108-12.

62.  Glaser N. New perspectives on the pathogenesis of cerebral edema complicating diabetic ketoacidosis in children. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2006 Jun;3(4):379-86.

63.  Carroll P, Matz R. Adult respiratory distress syndrome complicating severely uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: report of nine cases and a review of the literature. Diabetes Care. 1982 Nov-Dec;5(6):574-80.

使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明