如果患者住院时有高血糖(多尿、多饮和腹痛)、血容量减少、酸中毒呼吸和精神状态改变(即使没有糖尿病史)的体征和症状,应该检测血浆葡萄糖和尿酮。 在出现高血糖和/或尿酮体阳性时,应进行诊断糖尿病酮症酸中毒和高渗性高血糖状态所需要的全部实验室检查。[1]Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, et al. Management of hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001 Jan;24(1):131-53.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/24/1/131.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11194218?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Kitabchi AE, Umpierrez GE, Murphy MB, et al. Hyperglycemic crises in adult patients with diabetes: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2006 Dec;29(12):2739-48.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/12/2739.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17130218?tool=bestpractice.com