尽管进行了局部药物治疗,但一些乳突腔仍持续存在分泌物。可用修复性乳突手术进行治疗,或若多次手术后,乳突腔仍有分泌物,则可封闭该腔。[54]Mehta RP, Harris JP. Mastoid obliteration. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2006 Dec;39(6):1129-42.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17097437?tool=bestpractice.com经发现,在实现干耳方面,局部使用丝裂霉素比化学烧灼(外用醋酸)更有效。[55]Karimi-Yazdi A, Amiri M, Rabiei S, et al. Topical application of mitomycin C in the treatment of granulation tissue after canal wall down mastoidectomy. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Spring;25(71):85-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3846267/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24303425?tool=bestpractice.com
虽经治疗,但胆脂瘤有复发的倾向,并可能在初次手术切除较长时间后复发。若病变累及中鼓室后部,或听骨链中断,或两者兼有时,已证实在儿童中的术后复发风险更高。相对而言,医生缺乏经验(以及假设病灶切除不完全)也可能导致疾病复发。[56]Roger G, Denoyelle F, Chauvin P, et al. Predictive risk factors of residual cholesteatoma in children: a study of 256 cases. Am J Otol. 1997 Sep;18(5):550-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9303150?tool=bestpractice.com