阿托西汀
目前有2个试验在对阿托西汀治疗患有注意力缺陷和多动症的孩子的有效性(非兴奋剂的药物)进行评价。[49]Aragón AS, Coriale G, Fiorentino D, et al. Neuropsychological characteristics of Italian children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2008;32:1909-1919.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18715277?tool=bestpractice.com
胆碱
在临床前研究中,胆碱补充被证明可以改善学习困难,包括(与胎儿酒精谱系障碍相关的)记忆力受损。[82]Wozniak JR, Fuglestad AJ, Eckerle JK, et al. Choline supplementation in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders has high feasibility and tolerability. Nutr Res. 2013;33:897-904.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3815698/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24176229?tool=bestpractice.com超过50%的此类患儿没有完成推荐的胆碱摄入。[83]Fuglestad AJ, Fink BA, Eckerle JK, et al. Inadequate intake of nutrients essential for neurodevelopment in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2013;39:128-132.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795902/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23871794?tool=bestpractice.com在对2.5-4.9岁具备FASD之一的孩子(n=20)所做的一个小的随机对照试验中,我们比较了胆碱与安慰剂。这个治疗是可行的而且耐受性良好,没有严重的负面效果并且患者的配合度较高(82%-87%)。关于胆碱效果的进一步评估还在进行中。