胎儿酒精谱系障碍是终身的状况。没有根治的办法。预后要由先天畸形的严重程度、外科及医学治疗需要以及治疗有效性来决定的。受此影响的孩子由于神经发育问题的异常容易出现各种次生残障问题。[44]Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Barr HM, et al. Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:228-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308923?tool=bestpractice.com通过使用定向的教育和行为干预可以帮助孩子们发挥他们的潜能。
在检查负面结果的风险时,有证据证明,可以通过早期诊断来改善预后的情况。[44]Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Barr HM, et al. Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:228-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308923?tool=bestpractice.com12岁之前的诊断会将成人后的负面风险降低2-4倍。[44]Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Barr HM, et al. Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:228-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308923?tool=bestpractice.com其他保护因素包括在平稳的养育环境中生活而且不要暴露于肉体及性虐待或者家庭暴力。[44]Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Barr HM, et al. Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:228-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308923?tool=bestpractice.com
社会功能
只有14%的年轻人生活不能独立生活,有27%的青年生活在相关的机构内并有35%的青年患者生活在陪助性的环境中,[84]Spohr HL, Willms J, Steinhausen HC. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in young adulthood. J Pediatr. 2007;150:175-179.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17236896?tool=bestpractice.comFASD 成人患者更有可能失业,[85]Rangmar J, Hjern A, Vinnerljung B, et al. Psychosocial outcomes of fetal alcohol syndrome in adulthood. Pediatrics. 2015;135:e52-e58.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/135/1/e52.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25535260?tool=bestpractice.com只有 13% 的成人在 21 岁前从事过普通工作岗位。[84]Spohr HL, Willms J, Steinhausen HC. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in young adulthood. J Pediatr. 2007;150:175-179.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17236896?tool=bestpractice.com
教育结果不理想并且影响了其他方面,包括就业。在青少年患者中,53%的人休学,29%的被开除,还有25%的被退学。[44]Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Barr HM, et al. Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:228-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308923?tool=bestpractice.com只有 13% 的青年患者曾接受过高等教育;[84]Spohr HL, Willms J, Steinhausen HC. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in young adulthood. J Pediatr. 2007;150:175-179.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17236896?tool=bestpractice.com在儿童和青少年患者中有 96% 的人接受过特殊教育。[86]Autti-Rämö I, Fagerlund A, Ervalahti N, et al. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders in Finland: clinical delineation of 77 older children and adolescents. Am J Med Genet A. 2006;140:137-143.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16353236?tool=bestpractice.com
随年龄的增长,成年患者不适当的性行为比率增加到52%。[44]Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Barr HM, et al. Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:228-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308923?tool=bestpractice.com青少年和成人的共同问题就是乱交(26%)而且还有不恰当的性侵(18%)。[44]Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Barr HM, et al. Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:228-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308923?tool=bestpractice.com
约有60%的青少年和成人患者犯过法,而且35%的患者被叛过有期徒刑[44]Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Barr HM, et al. Risk factors for adverse life outcomes in fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2004;25:228-238.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308923?tool=bestpractice.com然而,一项研究指出,其刑事犯罪程度与对照人群相似。[85]Rangmar J, Hjern A, Vinnerljung B, et al. Psychosocial outcomes of fetal alcohol syndrome in adulthood. Pediatrics. 2015;135:e52-e58.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/135/1/e52.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25535260?tool=bestpractice.com
源于酒精使用和精神疾病的住院率在 FASD 患者中较高。[85]Rangmar J, Hjern A, Vinnerljung B, et al. Psychosocial outcomes of fetal alcohol syndrome in adulthood. Pediatrics. 2015;135:e52-e58.http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/135/1/e52.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25535260?tool=bestpractice.com