通气不足综合征的患病率随基础疾病不同而变化。大约 10% 至 20% 的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 患者都报告患有肥胖-通气不足综合征 (OHS)。[2]Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Faibussowitsch I, et al. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: prevalence and predictors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2007;11:117-124.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17187265?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Kessler R, Chaouat A, Schinkewitch P, et al. The obesity-hypoventilation syndrome revisited: a prospective study of 34 consecutive cases. Chest. 2001;120:369-376.http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1079891http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11502631?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Lecube A, Sampol G, Lloberes P, et al. Asymptomatic sleep-disordered breathing in premenopausal women awaiting bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2010;20:454-461.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20020222?tool=bestpractice.com 但是约有 10% 的 OHS 患者的呼吸暂停-低通气指数正常,小于 5 次/小时。[2]Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Faibussowitsch I, et al. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: prevalence and predictors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2007;11:117-124.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17187265?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Kessler R, Chaouat A, Schinkewitch P, et al. The obesity-hypoventilation syndrome revisited: a prospective study of 34 consecutive cases. Chest. 2001;120:369-376.http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1079891http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11502631?tool=bestpractice.com 在充血性心力衰竭和左心室射血分数小于 45% 的患者中,33% 至 42% 的患者都报告出现陈-施氏呼吸,在等待心脏移植的住院患者中患病率高达 56%。[5]Javaheri S, Parker TJ, Liming JD, et al. Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure: types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations. Circulation. 1998;97:2154-2159.http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/97/21/2154http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9626176?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Sin DD, Fitzgerald F, Parker JD, et al. Risk factors for central and obstructive sleep apnea in 450 men and women with congestive heart failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160:1101-1106.http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/ajrccm.160.4.9903020http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10508793?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Oldenburg O, Lamp B, Faber L, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing in patients with symptomatic heart failure: a contemporary study of prevalence in and characteristics of 700 patients. Eur J Heart Fail. 2007;9:251-257.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17027333?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Krachman SL, D'Alonzo GE, Berger TJ, et al. Comparison of oxygen therapy with nasal continuous positive airway pressure on Cheyne-Stokes respiration during sleep in congestive heart failure. Chest. 1999;116:1550-1557.http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1078359http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10593775?tool=bestpractice.com 大约 27% 有潜在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者出现了夜间低氧血症,但只有那些OSA 相关的(简称重叠综合征)或重度梗阻(FEV1 小于 35%预测值)的患者可能出现联合高碳酸血症。在患有限制性胸部疾病的患者中,如胸壁畸形(例如脊柱后侧凸),通气不足的患病率取决于脊柱弯曲度(柯布角大于 120°),而患有神经肌肉疾病的所有患者可能最终都会发展成通气不足综合征,取决于基础疾病(例如杜氏肌营养不良症)。