放线菌病通常在手术治疗脓肿或肿瘤后诊断。 有必要对患者行高剂量、长期的全身抗生素治疗。[47]Wagenlehner FM, Mohren B, Naber KG, et al. Abdominal actinomycosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003 Aug;9(8):881-5.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00653.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14616714?tool=bestpractice.com[48]Martin MV. The use of oral amoxycillin for the treatment of actinomycosis: a clinical and in vitro study. Br Dent J. 1984 Apr 7;156(7):252-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6584159?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Spilsbury BW, Johnstone FR. The clinical course of actinomycotic infections: a report of 14 cases. Can J Surg. 1962 Jan;5:33-48.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13915786?tool=bestpractice.com[50]Sudhakar SS, Ross JJ. Short-term treatment of actinomycosis: two cases and a review. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Feb 1;38(3):444-7.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/3/444.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14727221?tool=bestpractice.com[51]Nielsen PM, Novak A. Acute cervico-facial actinomycosis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1987 Aug;16(4):440-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3117916?tool=bestpractice.com[52]Martin MV. Antibiotic treatment of cervicofacial actinomycosis for patients allergic to penicillin: a clinical and in vitro study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1985 Dec;23(6):428-34.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2933063?tool=bestpractice.com[53]Leafstedt SW, Gleeson RM. Cervicofacial actinomycosis. Am J Surg. 1975 Oct;130(4):496-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1166943?tool=bestpractice.com 有时可联用手术治疗。超过 90% 的患者对此治疗反应较好。[1]Smego RA Jr, Foglia G. Actinomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Jun;26(6):1255-61.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9636842?tool=bestpractice.com 经过充分的抗生素治疗后,很少出现复发。 若出现复发,则采用与初次感染相同的方法治疗。
管理和抗生素治疗
首选高剂量青霉素,静脉注射 4 至 6 周,之后口服治疗 3 至 6 个月。 住院或门诊患者可给予静脉治疗,具体取决于患者病情的严重程度。[1]Smego RA Jr, Foglia G. Actinomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1998 Jun;26(6):1255-61.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9636842?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Russo T. Actinomycosis. In: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's principles of internal medicine. 16th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2005:937-9.[50]Sudhakar SS, Ross JJ. Short-term treatment of actinomycosis: two cases and a review. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Feb 1;38(3):444-7.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/38/3/444.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14727221?tool=bestpractice.com
对青霉素过敏患者,可使用胃肠外头孢曲松钠、克林霉素、红霉素或多西环素。[47]Wagenlehner FM, Mohren B, Naber KG, et al. Abdominal actinomycosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003 Aug;9(8):881-5.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00653.x/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14616714?tool=bestpractice.com[52]Martin MV. Antibiotic treatment of cervicofacial actinomycosis for patients allergic to penicillin: a clinical and in vitro study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1985 Dec;23(6):428-34.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2933063?tool=bestpractice.com[53]Leafstedt SW, Gleeson RM. Cervicofacial actinomycosis. Am J Surg. 1975 Oct;130(4):496-8.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1166943?tool=bestpractice.com[54]Makaryus AN, Latzman J, Yang R, et al. A rare case of Actinomyces israelii presenting as pericarditis in a 75-year-old man. Cardiol Rev. 2005 May-Jun;13(3):125-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15831144?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Brown R, Bancewicz J. Ureteric obstruction due to pelvic actinomycosis. Br J Surg. 1982 Mar;69(3):156.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7066656?tool=bestpractice.com 对于牙髓部位轻度面颈部放线菌病,开始时可给予口服多西环素。
病变部位切除
有广泛病变、坏死或大量肿块形成时,行病变部位切除术。 有时,须以手术移除长期瘘管。 对于不能排除恶性疾病的患者,最终诊断和治疗规划时,也有必要采用手术疗法。[56]Bennhoff DF. Actinomycosis: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations and a review of 32 cases. Laryngoscope. 1984 Sep;94(9):1198-217.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6381942?tool=bestpractice.com