发病率改善:有高质量证据表明锌补充剂可以减少锌缺乏症儿科群体的腹泻发病率。[66]Lazzerini M, Ronfani L. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(1):CD005436.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005436.pub4/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440801?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
发病率改善:有高质量证据表明锌补充剂可以减少锌缺乏症儿科群体的腹泻发病率。[66]Lazzerini M, Ronfani L. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(1):CD005436.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005436.pub4/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23440801?tool=bestpractice.com
生长发育参数改善:有高质量证据表明儿童时期锌缺乏症的矫正有利于改善生长发育情况。[75]Cole CR, Lifshitz F. Zinc nutrition and growth retardation. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2008;5:889-896.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18552751?tool=bestpractice.com[76]Brown KH, Peerson JM, Baker SK, et al. Preventive zinc supplementation among infants, preschoolers, and older prepubertal children. Food Nutr Bull. 2009;30(1 suppl):S12-S40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19472600?tool=bestpractice.com[77]Black MM. The evidence linking zinc deficiency with children's cognitive and motor functioning. J Nutr. 2003;133(suppl):1473S-1476S.http://jn.nutrition.org/content/133/5/1473S.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730446?tool=bestpractice.com[78]Sayeg Porto MA, Oliveira HP, Cunha AJ, et al. Linear growth and zinc supplementation in children with short stature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000;13:1121-1128.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11085191?tool=bestpractice.com[79]Prasad AS. Clinical, endocrinological and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985;14:567-589.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3905080?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
生长发育参数改善:有高质量证据表明儿童时期锌缺乏症的矫正有利于改善生长发育情况。[75]Cole CR, Lifshitz F. Zinc nutrition and growth retardation. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2008;5:889-896.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18552751?tool=bestpractice.com[76]Brown KH, Peerson JM, Baker SK, et al. Preventive zinc supplementation among infants, preschoolers, and older prepubertal children. Food Nutr Bull. 2009;30(1 suppl):S12-S40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19472600?tool=bestpractice.com[77]Black MM. The evidence linking zinc deficiency with children's cognitive and motor functioning. J Nutr. 2003;133(suppl):1473S-1476S.http://jn.nutrition.org/content/133/5/1473S.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730446?tool=bestpractice.com[78]Sayeg Porto MA, Oliveira HP, Cunha AJ, et al. Linear growth and zinc supplementation in children with short stature. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2000;13:1121-1128.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11085191?tool=bestpractice.com[79]Prasad AS. Clinical, endocrinological and biochemical effects of zinc deficiency. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1985;14:567-589.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3905080?tool=bestpractice.com
胎儿不良结局改善:有低质证据表明常规锌补充剂可以有效减少与妊娠期锌缺乏症相关的胎儿不良结局。相关研究数量有限,仍需更多的信息来验证这些观察结果。锌补充剂有降低早产发生率的可能性;锌补充剂对营养不良女性的胎儿出生体重的积极作用;鉴于不良反应鲜有报导,锌应被加入到锌缺乏症高危人群的妊娠期母体补充剂中。[59]Hess SY, King JC. Effects of maternal zinc supplementation on pregnancy and lactation outcomes. Food Nutr Bull. 2009;30(1 Suppl):S60-S78.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19472602?tool=bestpractice.com[60]Shah D, Sachdev HP. Zinc deficiency in pregnancy and fetal outcome. Nutr Rev. 2006;64:15-30.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16491666?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
胎儿不良结局改善:有低质证据表明常规锌补充剂可以有效减少与妊娠期锌缺乏症相关的胎儿不良结局。相关研究数量有限,仍需更多的信息来验证这些观察结果。锌补充剂有降低早产发生率的可能性;锌补充剂对营养不良女性的胎儿出生体重的积极作用;鉴于不良反应鲜有报导,锌应被加入到锌缺乏症高危人群的妊娠期母体补充剂中。[59]Hess SY, King JC. Effects of maternal zinc supplementation on pregnancy and lactation outcomes. Food Nutr Bull. 2009;30(1 Suppl):S60-S78.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19472602?tool=bestpractice.com[60]Shah D, Sachdev HP. Zinc deficiency in pregnancy and fetal outcome. Nutr Rev. 2006;64:15-30.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16491666?tool=bestpractice.com