体征/症状 一般无诱发因素,通常自行缓解或使用速效硝酸盐后缓解。[3]Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e139-e228.http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1910086http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718?tool=bestpractice.com
可能由精神紧张、换气过度、锻炼或冷环境促发。[3]Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e139-e228.http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1910086http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718?tool=bestpractice.com[47]Beltrame JF, Crea F, Kaski JC, et al. International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina. Eur Heart J. 2015 Aug 4 [Epub ahead of print].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26245334?tool=bestpractice.com
大部分在清晨发生。[3]Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e139-e228.http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1910086http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718?tool=bestpractice.com
可能发生于较年轻和/或吸烟者。[3]Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e139-e228.http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1910086http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718?tool=bestpractice.com
钙通道阻滞剂可缓解症状(β受体阻滞剂不会缓解症状)。[47]Beltrame JF, Crea F, Kaski JC, et al. International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina. Eur Heart J. 2015 Aug 4 [Epub ahead of print].http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26245334?tool=bestpractice.com
检查 急性期 ST 段抬高。[3]Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e139-e228.http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1910086http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718?tool=bestpractice.com
冠状动脉造影(有创或无创)可排除重度的阻塞性 CAD,但可显示痉挛。[3]Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e139-e228.http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1910086http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718?tool=bestpractice.com(固定病变和痉挛可能同时存在。)
如果无创性评估无帮助,在有监督并且没有激发试验禁忌证(左主干病变、晚期 3 支病变、存在高度阻塞性病变、严重的左心室收缩功能障碍、晚期心力衰竭)的情况下,非药物激发试验(例如冷加压或过度换气)或药物激发试验(例如乙酰胆碱)可能有诊断意义。[3]Amsterdam EA, Wenger NK, Brindis RG, et al. 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e139-e228.http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1910086http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25260718?tool=bestpractice.com