建议积极进行危险因素干预。[1]Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, et al. 2015 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2016;37:267-315.http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/3/267.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26320110?tool=bestpractice.com
强烈建议戒烟,包括使用各种资源和辅助药物。
对无已知CAD、糖尿病、肾病或心力衰竭的患者,血压控制目标为<140/90 mmHg。如果合并其他危险因素,目标则为<130/80 mmHg。
LDL水平应降至<2.59 mmol/L(<100 mg/dL)。建议降至1.81mmol/L或更低(70mg/dL或更低)。
糖尿病患者HbA1C应控制在<0.07(<总血红蛋白的7%)。
对证实为室性心动过速的高危患者(治疗后左心室射血分数仍<40%)应进行植入心脏除颤器的评估。[99]Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Circulation. 2006;114:e385-e484.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/114/10/e385.full.pdf+htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16935995?tool=bestpractice.com
为心脏病患者提供临床治疗的医生需重视此人群有较高的严重抑郁障碍发生率,其与心血管结局恶化相关。[93]Frasure-Smith N, Lesperance F, Talajic M. Depression and 18-month prognosis after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1995;91:999-1005. [Erratum in: Circulation. 1998;97:708.]http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/91/4/999.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7531624?tool=bestpractice.com因此,应对患者进行抑郁症状的筛查并给予治疗,包括药物治疗。[94]Lichtman JH, Bigger JT Jr, Blumenthal JA, et al. Depression and coronary heart disease: recommendations for screening, referral, and treatment: a science advisory from the American Heart Association Prevention Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research: endorsed by the American Psychiatric Association. Circulation. 2008;118:1768-1775.http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/118/17/1768.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18824640?tool=bestpractice.com
心脏康复是一个长期的综合项目,包括锻炼、 [
]What are the effects of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in people with coronary heart disease?http://cochraneclinicalanswers.com/doi/10.1002/cca.1187/full显示答案 饮食和生活方式干预、患者教育和咨询。建议对合适的 NSTE-ACS 患者进行心脏康复,可改善临床结局。[95]Wenger NK, Froelicher ES, Smith LK, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation as secondary prevention. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Clin Pract Guidel Quick Ref Guide Clin. 1995;17:1-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8595435?tool=bestpractice.com[96]DeBusk RF, Miller NH, Superko HR, et al. A case-management system for coronary risk factor modification after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120:721-729.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147544?tool=bestpractice.com[97]Witt BJ, Jacobsen SJ, Weston SA, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction in the community. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:988-996.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15337208?tool=bestpractice.com