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Lanza DC, Kennedy DW. Adult rhinosinusitis defined. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;117:S1-S7.

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Rosenfeld RM, Piccirillo JF, Chandrasekhar SS, et al. Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(suppl 2):S1-S39.

Slavin RG, Spector SL, Bernstein IL, et al. The diagnosis and management of sinusitis: a practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116(suppl 6):S13-S47.

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Chandler JR, Langenbrunner DJ, Stevens ER. The pathogenesis of orbital complications in acute sinusitis. Laryngoscope. 1970;80:1414-1428.

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1. McCormick A, Fleming D, Charlton J. Morbidity statistics from general practice: fourth national study 1991-1992. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, series MB5 no 3. London, UK: HMSO; 1995.

2. Pleis JR, Lethbridge-Cejku M. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National health interview survey, 2005. Vital Health Stat 10. 2006;(232):1-163.

3. Anand VK. Epidemiology and economic impact of rhinosinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2004;193:3-5.

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4. Gliklich RE, Metson R. The health impact of chronic sinusitis in patients seeking otolaryngologic care. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;113:104-109.

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5. Wright ED, Frenkiel S. Infectious adult rhinosinusitis: etiology, diagnosis, and management principles. J Otolaryngol. 2005;34(suppl 1):S7-S13.

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6. Palmer J. Bacterial biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2006;196:35-39.

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7. Ponikau JU, Sherris DA. The role of airborne mold in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118:762-763.

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8. Bachert C, Gevaert P, Zhang N, et al. Role of staphylococcal superantigens in airway disease. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2007;93:214-236.

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9. Doyle PW, Woodham JD. Evaluation of the microbiology of chronic ethmoid sinusitis. J Clin Microbiol. 1991;29:2396.

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10. Shapiro ED, Milmoe GJ, Wald ER, et al. Bacteriology of the maxillary sinuses in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Infect Dis. 1982;146:589.

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11. Sakakura Y, Majima Y, Harada T, et al. Nasal mucociliary transport of chronic sinusitis in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992;118:1234-1237.

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12. Benninger MS, Ferguson BJ, Hadley JA, et al. Adult chronic rhinosinusitis: definitions, diagnosis, epidemiology, and pathophysiology. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2003;129(3 suppl):S1-S32.

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13. Lane AP, Pine HS, Pillsbury HC 3rd. Allergy testing and immunotherapy in an academic otolaryngology practice: a 20-year review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2001;124:9-15.

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14. Weldon DR. What drives the inflammatory response in rhinosinusitis. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2006;27:441-446.

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15. Chee L, Graham SM, Carothers DG, et al. Immune dysfunction in refractory sinusitis in a tertiary care setting. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:233-235.

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16. Briggs RD, Wright ST, Cordes S, et al. Smoking in chronic rhinosinusitis: a predictor of poor long term outcome after endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngocope. 2004;114:126-128.

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17. Lanza DC, Kennedy DW. Adult rhinosinusitis defined. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;117:S1-S7.

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18. Thomas M, Yawn BP, Price D, et al; European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps Group. EPOS primary care guidelines: European position paper on the primary care diagnosis and management of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007 - a summary. Prim Care Respir J. 2008;17:79-89.

19. Rosenfeld RM, Piccirillo JF, Chandrasekhar SS, et al. Clinical practice guideline (update): adult sinusitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;152(suppl 2):S1-S39.

20. Slavin RG, Spector SL, Bernstein IL, et al. The diagnosis and management of sinusitis: a practice parameter update. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116(suppl 6):S13-S47.

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21. Bhattacharyya N, Fried MP. The accuracy of computed tomography in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope. 2003;113:125-129.

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22. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: sinonasal disease. 2012. http://www.acr.org (last accessed 27 September 2017).

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23. Kuhn, JP. Imaging of the paranasal sinuses: current status. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1986;77:6-8.

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24. Araujo E, Palombini BC, Cantarelli V, et al. Microbiology of middle meatus in chronic rhinosinusitis. Am J Rhinol. 2003;17:9-15.

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25. Dubin MG, Ebert CS, Coffey CS, et al. Concordance of middle meatal swab and maxillary sinus aspirate in acute and chronic sinusitis: a meta-analysis. Am J Rhinol. 2005;19:462-470.

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26. Soler ZM, Oyer SL, Kern RC, et al. Antimicrobials and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without polyposis in adults: an evidenced-based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013;3:31-47.

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27. US Food and Drug Administration. Fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs: drug safety communication - FDA advises restricting use for certain uncomplicated infections. May 2016. http://www.fda.gov (last accessed 27 September 2017).

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28. Mösges R, Heubach CP. What is the evidence for non-antibiotic drug therapy of rhinosinusitis? Laryngorhinootologie. 2011;90:740-746.

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29. Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, et al. Intranasal steroids versus placebo or no intervention for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(4):CD011996.

30. Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, et al. Different types of intranasal steroids for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(4):CD011993.

31. Wang C, Lou H, Wang X, et al. Effect of budesonide transnasal nebulization in patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015;135:922-929.

32. Rudmik L, Soler ZM. Medical therapies for adult chronic sinusitis: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015;314:926-939.

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33. Chong LY, Head K, Hopkins C, et al. Saline irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(4):CD011995.

34. Steinke JW, Borish L. Leukotriene receptors in rhinitis and sinusitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2004;4:217-223.

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35. Sindwani R, Metson R. Image-guided frontal sinus surgery. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2005;38:461-471.

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36. Smith TL, Stewart MG, Orlandi RR, et al. Indications for image-guided sinus surgery: the current evidence. Am J Rhinol. 2007;21:80-83.

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37. Mehta U, Huber TC, Sindwani R. Patient expectations and recovery following endoscopic sinus surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006;134:483-487.

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38. Chester AC, Antisdel JL, Sindwani R. Symptom-specific outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;140:633-639.

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39. Chester AC, Sindwani R, Smith TL, et al. Systematic review of change in bodily pain after sinus surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;139:759-765.

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40. Chester AC, Sindwani R, Smith TL, et al. Fatigue improvement following endoscopic sinus surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Laryngoscope. 2008;118:730-739.

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41. Ebbens FA, Georgalas C, Luiten S, et al. The effect of topical amphotericin B on inflammatory markers in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a multicenter randomized controlled study. Laryngoscope. 2009;119:401-408.

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42. Lim M, Citardi MJ, Leong JL.Topical antimicrobials in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis: a systematic review. Am J Rhinol. 2008;22:381-389.

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43. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Balloon catheter dilation of paranasal sinus ostia for chronic sinusitis. September 2008. http://www.nice.org.uk (last accessed 27 September 2017).

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44. Taghi AS, Khalil SS, Mace AD, et al. Balloon sinuplasty: balloon-catheter dilation of paranasal sinus ostia for chronic rhinosinusitis. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2009;6:377-382