通过植入型心律转复除颤器(ICD)实施一级预防适用于治疗缺血性和非缺血性心肌病、肥厚型心肌病(HCM)、致心律失常性右室发育不良(ARVD)、先天性长QT综合征(LQTS)和Brugada综合征。
缺血性心肌病和射血分数≤30%的患者。[35]Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:877-883.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa013474#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11907286?tool=bestpractice.com
无缺血性心肌病、纽约心脏协会评级(NYHA)Ⅱ级及以上、充血性心力衰竭和射血分数≤35%的患者。[25]Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:225-237.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa043399#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15659722?tool=bestpractice.com
HCM患者及存在以下≥2个危险因素:晕厥、左心室厚度>3厘米、运动时异常血压反应(低血压)、非持续性室性心动过速(VT)和心原性猝死的家族史。患者仅有1个危险因素应进行咨询并考虑每个案例的基本情况。[26]Elliott P, McKenna WJ. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Lancet. 2004;363:1881-1891.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15183628?tool=bestpractice.com
ARVD和右心室广泛病变、左心室受累、有晕厥史或存在心脏骤停家族史的患者。
先天性长QT综合征和晕厥史、接受β受体阻滞剂治疗的反复发作室速或存在高风险的突变的患者。[36]Zipes DP, Camm AJ, Borggrefe M, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: executive summary. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1064-1108.http://content.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/48/5/1064http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16949478?tool=bestpractice.com
Brugada综合征和有V1到V3导联 ST段抬高晕厥史或VT史的患者。[32]Antzelevitch C, Brugada P, Borggrefe M, et al. Brugada syndrome: report of the second consensus conference: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the European Heart Rhythm Association. Circulation. 2005;111:659-670.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15655131?tool=bestpractice.com