分期
基于推荐的放射学检查对疾病进行确诊和分期后,类癌肿瘤可以依据原发灶或转移灶来分期。 使用传统的肿瘤、淋巴结和转移分期方法,已经开发了一个受到推荐的分期体系。[16]Landry CS, Brock G, Scoggins CR, et al. A proposed staging system for rectal carcinoid tumors based on an analysis of 4701 patients. Surgery. 2008 Sep;144(3):460-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18707046?tool=bestpractice.com 并且 2010 年世界卫生组织发布了基于 TNM(肿瘤、淋巴结、转移瘤)分期系统的新病理分期标准。[17]Rindi G, Arnold R, Bosman FT, et al. Nomenclature and classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system. In: Bosman FT, Hruban RH, Theise N, eds. WHO classification of tumors of the digestive system. 4th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2010:13-4.