预后取决于目前疾病的阶段,肿瘤的组织学以及原发肿瘤的位置。[53]Kerstrom G, Hellman P, Hessman O. Midgut carcinoid tumours: surgical treatment and prognosis. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2005 Oct;19(5):717-28.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16253896?tool=bestpractice.com 在采用手术切除治疗的支气管类癌肿瘤患者中,典型类癌的10年生存率是85%,非典型类癌的10年生存率是35%。[54]Travis WD, Rush W, Flieder DB, et al. Survival analysis of 200 pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors with clarification of criteria for atypical carcinoid and its separation from typical carcinoid. Am J Surg Pathol. 1998 Aug;22(8):934-44.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9706973?tool=bestpractice.com 复发的风险也依赖于组织学,典型类癌复发率是2%,非典型类癌复发率是20%。[55]Ferguson MK, Landreneau RJ, Hazelrigg SR, et al. Long-term outcome after resection for bronchial carcinoid tumors. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000 Aug;18(2):156-61.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10925223?tool=bestpractice.com 中肠肿瘤往往存在进展期的肿瘤,因此发生类癌综合征。 有肠系膜肿块没有肝转移证据的患者,有研究报道肠系膜转移术后5年生存率达91%。[56]Hellman P, Lundstrom T, Ohrvall U, et al. Effect of surgery on the outcome of midgut carcinoid disease with lymph node and liver metastases. World J Surg. 2002 Aug;26(8):991-7.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12016480?tool=bestpractice.com 有转移性疾病的患者过去5年的生存率是50%左右,然而,现在提高到65%以上。[57]Strosberg J, Gardner N, Kvols L. Survival and prognostic factor analysis of 146 metastatic neuroendocrine tumors of the mid-gut. Neuroendocrinology. 2009;89(4):471-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19174605?tool=bestpractice.com[58]Ahmed A, Turner G, King B, et al. Midgut neuroendocrine tumours with liver metastases: results of the UKINETS study. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2009 Sep;16(3):885-94.http://erc.endocrinology-journals.org/content/16/3/885.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458024?tool=bestpractice.com 年轻的患者(≤50岁)有更满意的预后。 影响生存的不利因素包括类癌心脏病、高度恶性肿瘤和腹腔外转移。