在美国,每年有 280,000 名美国人罹患髋部骨折,平均每周有 5000 多名。预计 40 年后每年的患患者数会上升至 500,000 多人。[7]Cummings SR, Rubin SM, Black D. The future of hip fractures in the United States. Numbers, costs, and potential effects of postmenopausal estrogen. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990 Mar;(252):163-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2302881?tool=bestpractice.com 在美国,髋部骨折目前年度花费约 72 亿美元,预计到 2041 年年度花费会上升至 160 亿美元。[7]Cummings SR, Rubin SM, Black D. The future of hip fractures in the United States. Numbers, costs, and potential effects of postmenopausal estrogen. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1990 Mar;(252):163-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2302881?tool=bestpractice.com 利用瑞典人口数据,推断男性一生中罹患髋部骨折的风险为 11.1%,而女性则为 22.7%。[8]Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, et al. Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmö. Osteoporos Int. 2000;11(8):669-74.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11095169?tool=bestpractice.com
髋部骨折风险随年龄增长而显著增加。髋部骨折更多见于 65 岁以上人群中,平均发病年龄约为 78 岁。[9]Court-Brown C, McQueen M, Tornetta P III. Trauma, 1st ed. Orthopaedic surgery essentials series. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.[10]Papadimitropoulos EA, Coyte PC, Josse RG, et al. Current and projected rates of hip fracture in Canada. CMAJ. 1997 Nov 15;157(10):1357-63.http://www.cmaj.ca/content/157/10/1357.full.pdf+htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9371065?tool=bestpractice.com 损伤的主要机制是从站立高度跌倒。[9]Court-Brown C, McQueen M, Tornetta P III. Trauma, 1st ed. Orthopaedic surgery essentials series. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.[11]Allander E, Gullberg B, Johnell O, et al. Falls and hip fracture. A reasonable basis for possibilities for prevention? Some preliminary data from the MEDOS study Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1996;103:49-52;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8966490?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Allander E, Gullberg B, Johnell O, et al. Circumstances around the fall in a multinational hip fracture risk study: a diverse pattern for prevention. MEDOS Study Group. Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. Accid Anal Prev. 1998 Sep;30(5):607-16.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9678214?tool=bestpractice.com 老年人中跌倒发生率可高达 30% 至 60%,社会福利机构中的老年人跌倒发生率则更高。[13]Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR. The epidemiology of falls and syncope. Clin Geriatr Med. 2002 May;18(2):141-58.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12180240?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR, Osterweil D. Falls and fall prevention in the nursing home. Clin Geriatr Med. 1996 Nov;12(4):881-902.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8890121?tool=bestpractice.com 40 岁以下人群中髋部骨折通常是因高能量创伤(如机动车事故)而引起,主要见于男性;然而,这些仅占已发现的髋部骨折的 1%~3%。[9]Court-Brown C, McQueen M, Tornetta P III. Trauma, 1st ed. Orthopaedic surgery essentials series. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.[15]Robinson CM, Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM, et al. Hip fractures in adults younger than 50 years of age. Epidemiology and results. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995 Mar;(312):238-46.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7634609?tool=bestpractice.com