损伤的主要机制是从站立高度跌倒。[9]Court-Brown C, McQueen M, Tornetta P III. Trauma, 1st ed. Orthopaedic surgery essentials series. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.[11]Allander E, Gullberg B, Johnell O, et al. Falls and hip fracture. A reasonable basis for possibilities for prevention? Some preliminary data from the MEDOS study Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1996;103:49-52;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8966490?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Allander E, Gullberg B, Johnell O, et al. Circumstances around the fall in a multinational hip fracture risk study: a diverse pattern for prevention. MEDOS Study Group. Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. Accid Anal Prev. 1998 Sep;30(5):607-16.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9678214?tool=bestpractice.com 老年人中跌倒发生率可高达 30% 至 60%,社会福利机构中的老年人跌倒发生率则更高。[13]Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR. The epidemiology of falls and syncope. Clin Geriatr Med. 2002 May;18(2):141-58.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12180240?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Rubenstein LZ, Josephson KR, Osterweil D. Falls and fall prevention in the nursing home. Clin Geriatr Med. 1996 Nov;12(4):881-902.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8890121?tool=bestpractice.com