治疗建议
阿奇霉素或多西环素是推荐的一线抗生素。[3]Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com 其他抗生素有红霉素、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星或多西环素缓释剂型。[3]Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com[25]Geisler WM, Koltun WD, Abdelsayed N, et al. Safety and efficacy of WC2031 versus vibramycin for the treatment of uncomplicated urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, multicenter trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jul;55(1):82-8.http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/1/82.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22431798?tool=bestpractice.com 阿奇霉素在妊娠期可安全使用,且可减少早产风险。但多西环素及氟喹诺酮类药物应为孕妇绝对禁忌用药。 怀孕期间的替代选择包括阿莫西林或红霉素。[3]Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com 一项对治疗妊娠期生殖器衣原体感染干预措施的 Cochrane 评价表明,比较抗菌药物(阿莫西林、红霉素、克林霉素、阿奇霉素),其治疗效果和妊娠并发症无明显差异;但是阿奇霉素和克林霉素的副作用似乎比红霉素少。[26]Cluver C, Novikova N, Eriksson DO, et al. Interventions for treating genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(9):CD010485.https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010485.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937705?tool=bestpractice.com
如果有衣原体感染高风险,则即可根据经验进行治疗,不必等待检测结果回报。治疗开始后的前 7 天建议避免性接触。
所有与患者在过去 60 天内发生性接触者,均应接受衣原体检查及治疗。 [
]In people with sexually transmitted infections, what are the best strategies for partner notification?https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.676/full显示答案 至少,原发病例患者应告知其性伴侣,他们可能已经发生衣原体暴露。在美国某些州,法律允许“加快伴侣治疗” (expedited partner therapy, EPT),即不需要干预性医学评估或专业预防咨询,可对性传播感染 (sexually transmitted infections, STIs) 患者的性伴侣进行治疗。[27]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Expedited partner therapy in the management of sexually transmitted diseases. 2006 [internet publication].http://www.cdc.gov/std/Treatment/EPTFinalReport2006.pdfCDC: expedited partner therapy 可考虑EPT作为使管理患有衣原体感染的异性恋男女伴侣更简便的一种方法。 美国妇产科学会 (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) 已发表一项声明,当性伴侣不太可能或无法接受个人评估和正确治疗时,支持 EPT 用于管理衣原体和淋病感染。[28]American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Committee opinion no. 506: expedited partner therapy in the management of gonorrhea and chlamydia by obstetrician-gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Sep;118(3):761-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21860319?tool=bestpractice.com