一项英国的研究发现,在 16-64 岁人群中,2 型单纯疱疹病毒感染的血清阳性率为 9.7%。[2]Morris-Cunnington M, Brown D, Pimenta J, et al. New estimates of herpes simplex virus type 2 seroprevalence in England: 'high' but stable seroprevalence over the last decade. Sex Transm Dis. 2004;31:243-246.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15028940?tool=bestpractice.com在美国 14-49 岁的人群中,HSV-1 的感染率为 54%,[3]Bradley H, Markowitz LE, Gibson T, et al. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: United States, 1999-2010. J Infect Dis. 2014;209:325-333.http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/209/3/325.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136792?tool=bestpractice.com在全世界 0-49 岁的人群中,其感染率为 67%。[4]Looker KJ, Magaret AS, May MT, et al. Global and regional estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in 2012. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0140765.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4624804/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26510007?tool=bestpractice.com通常在儿童时期即获得感染,血清阳性率随年龄增长。大约25%的有1型疱疹病毒自身抗体的人有复发性口腔单纯疱疹。
美国国家健康与营养检查调查 (NHANES) 显示,美国 14-40 岁的成人中有 15.7% 感染了 2 型单纯疱疹病毒 (HSV-2)。[3]Bradley H, Markowitz LE, Gibson T, et al. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: United States, 1999-2010. J Infect Dis. 2014;209:325-333.http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/209/3/325.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24136792?tool=bestpractice.com在世界范围内,据估计 15-49 岁的人群中超过 4 亿人都感染了 HSV-2。[4]Looker KJ, Magaret AS, May MT, et al. Global and regional estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in 2012. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0140765.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4624804/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26510007?tool=bestpractice.com女性的患病率高于男性,黑色人种感染比例十分不均衡。[5]Fanfair RN, Zaidi A, Taylor LD, et al. Trends in seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among non-Hispanic blacks and non-Hispanic whites aged 14 to 49 years: United States, 1988 to 2010. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;40:860-864.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24113408?tool=bestpractice.com在性传播疾病门诊就诊人群中,30%-50%就诊者2型单纯疱疹病毒血清学阳性,20%-30%的女性在产前门诊发现2型疱疹病毒血清学阳性。10%-25%的2型单纯疱疹病毒血清学阳性患者有过生殖器疱疹的皮疹,大部分其他患者症状轻微或无症状。世界范围内,2型单纯疱疹病毒是生殖器溃疡性疾病最常见的原因。2型单纯疱疹病毒感染是1型人类免疫缺陷病毒感染和传播的危险因素。[6]Corey L. Wald A, Celum CL, et al. The effects of herpes simplex virus-2 on HIV-1 acquisition and transmission: a review of two overlapping epidemics. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;35:435-445.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15021308?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Freeman E, Weiss HA, Glynn JR, et al. Herpes simplex virus 2 infection increases HIV acquisition in men and women: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. AIDS. 2006;20:73-83.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16327322?tool=bestpractice.com