虽然难以找到可靠的患病率数据,但是发展中国家比工业化国家的阿米巴病发病率高。大多数阿米巴感染发生在中美洲和南美洲、非洲和亚洲。[2]Petri WA Jr, Singh U. Diagnosis and management of amebiasis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1117-1125.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10524950?tool=bestpractice.com内阿米巴属感染的患病率在中美洲和南美洲、非洲和亚洲估计为 1%~40%,在美国等发达国家的疾病流行区估计为 0.2%~10.8%。[8]Rivera WI, Tachibana H, Kanbara H. Field study on the distribution of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in the northern Philippines as detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59:916-921.http://www.ajtmh.org/cgi/reprint/59/6/916http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9886200?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Haque R, Faruque AS, Hahn P, et al. Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar infection in children in Bangladesh. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:734-736.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9041357?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Chacin-Bonilla L, Bonillla E, Parra AM, et al. Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and other intestinal parasites in a community from Maracaibo, Venezuela. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1992;86:373-380.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1463357?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Braga LL, Mendonca Y, Paiva CA, et al. Seropositivity for and intestinal colonization with Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in individuals in northeastern Brazil. J Clin Microbiol. 1998;36:3044-3045.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=9738064http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9738064?tool=bestpractice.com
在美国,溶组织内阿米巴感染最常见于来自疾病流行区的移民和游客,每年约有 3000 例。[4]Snider C, Petri WA Jr. Travel Medicine. In: Rakel RE, ed. Conn's current therapy 2008. 61st ed. New York, NY: W.B. Saunders; 2007.大多数病例通常在返回或到达美国的第一年内发病。
所有年龄段的人,不论男女,都可能肠感染溶组织内阿米巴。但是,90% 的阿米巴肝脓肿患者为 20~40 岁的男性。[1]Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, et al. Amebiasis. New Engl J Med. 2003;348:1565-1573.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12700377?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Petri WA Jr, Singh U. Diagnosis and management of amebiasis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1117-1125.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10524950?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Solaymani-Mohammadi S, Lam M, Zunt JR. Entamoeba histolytica encephalitis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007;101:311-313.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16930651?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Snider C, Petri WA Jr. Travel Medicine. In: Rakel RE, ed. Conn's current therapy 2008. 61st ed. New York, NY: W.B. Saunders; 2007.[5]Stanley SL Jr. Amoebiasis. Lancet. 2003;361:1025-1034.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12660071?tool=bestpractice.com男男性行为者也可能患有阿米巴肝脓肿(虽然在这种情况下,非致病性的迪斯帕内阿米巴比溶组织内阿米巴更常见)。[1]Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, et al. Amebiasis. New Engl J Med. 2003;348:1565-1573.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12700377?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Petri WA Jr, Singh U. Diagnosis and management of amebiasis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1117-1125.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10524950?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Watanabe K, Gatanaga H, Escueta-de Cadiz A, et al. Amebiasis in HIV-1-infected Japanese men: clinical features and response to therapy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011;5:e1318.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21931875?tool=bestpractice.com
阿米巴病曾在机构内暴发,尤其是智力发育迟缓者收治机构。[1]Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, et al. Amebiasis. New Engl J Med. 2003;348:1565-1573.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12700377?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Petri WA Jr, Singh U. Diagnosis and management of amebiasis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1117-1125.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10524950?tool=bestpractice.com在台湾地区主动咨询和检查 HIV 感染的人群中,男男性行为者、粪口污染、教育程度低、年老,都可增加阿米巴病的患病风险。[13]Hung CC, Wu PY, Chang SY, et al. Amebiasis among persons who sought voluntary counseling and testing for human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case-control study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011;84:65-69.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212204?tool=bestpractice.com
全球范围内,到医院或诊所就诊的腹泻病例中 2%~4% 是由溶组织内阿米巴引起。[1]Haque R, Huston CD, Hughes M, et al. Amebiasis. New Engl J Med. 2003;348:1565-1573.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12700377?tool=bestpractice.com[2]Petri WA Jr, Singh U. Diagnosis and management of amebiasis. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1117-1125.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10524950?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Solaymani-Mohammadi S, Lam M, Zunt JR. Entamoeba histolytica encephalitis diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction of cerebrospinal fluid. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2007;101:311-313.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16930651?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Snider C, Petri WA Jr. Travel Medicine. In: Rakel RE, ed. Conn's current therapy 2008. 61st ed. New York, NY: W.B. Saunders; 2007.[5]Stanley SL Jr. Amoebiasis. Lancet. 2003;361:1025-1034.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12660071?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Diamond LS, Clark CG. A redescription of Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 (amended Walker, 1911) separating it from Entamoeba dispar Brumpt, 1925. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 1993;40:340-344.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8508172?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Ali IKM, Hossain MB, Roy S, et al. Entamoeba moshkovskii infections in children in Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:580-584.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2972761/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12737742?tool=bestpractice.com