皮肤肿瘤的患病率在世界范围内逐渐增加。一项调查显示澳大利亚人的防晒知识、态度和行为与其他国家相似。因此,少儿的行为在很大程度上受到父母行为的影响,且很多少儿未受到保护。[2]Stanton WR, Janda M, Baade PD, et al. Primary prevention of skin cancer: a review of sun protection in Australia and internationally. Health Promot Int. 2004;19:369-398.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15306621?tool=bestpractice.com例如,在瑞典,有 20% 的学步儿童至少被严重晒伤过一次。[3]Branstrom R, Kristjansson S, Dal H, et al. Sun exposure and sunburn among Swedish toddlers. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42:1441-1447.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16737807?tool=bestpractice.com在所有年龄群组中,青少年皮肤保护率最低。[2]Stanton WR, Janda M, Baade PD, et al. Primary prevention of skin cancer: a review of sun protection in Australia and internationally. Health Promot Int. 2004;19:369-398.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15306621?tool=bestpractice.com在新西兰,被晒伤青少年的比例从 1991 年至 1997 年显著增加[4]Richards R, McGee R, Knight RG. Sun protection practices, knowledge and attitudes to tans among New Zealand adolescents, 1991-1997. N Z Med J. 2001;114:229-231.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11453359?tool=bestpractice.com且澳大利亚和荷兰青少年使用防晒措施的比例显著降低,尽管最易晒伤的事实正在改正他们的行为。[5]Livingston PM, White V, Hayman J, et al. Australian adolescents' sun behavior: who are we kidding? Prev Med. 2007;44:508-512.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17400286?tool=bestpractice.com[6]de Vries H, Lezwijn J, Hol M, et al. Skin cancer prevention: behaviour and motives of Dutch adolescents. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2005;14:39-50.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15677894?tool=bestpractice.com晒伤在美国非常常见,且发病率正在逐渐增加。[7]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sunburn and sun protective behaviors among adults aged 18-29 years--United States, 2000-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61:317-322.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6118.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22572977?tool=bestpractice.com一项针对成年人的大型调研显示,将近 40% 的被调查人至少被晒伤一次,将近 10% 的被调查人被晒伤 4 次或 4 次以上。18 至 24 岁成年人的晒伤病史比例最高 (61%),75 岁及以上老人的晒伤病史比例最低 (6%)。较高的社会经济地位和教育水平与晒伤正相关。[8]Brown TT, Quain RD, Troxel AB, et al. The epidemiology of sunburn in the US population in 2003. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:577-583.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17010735?tool=bestpractice.com估计有 70% 的美国青少年(11 至18 岁)在夏季会被晒伤。[9]Cokkinides V, Weinstock M, Glanz K, et al. Trends in sunburns, sun protection practices, and attitudes toward sun exposure protection and tanning among US adolescents, 1998-2004. Pediatrics. 2006;118:853-864.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16950974?tool=bestpractice.com尽管 Fitzpatrick I 型至 III 型皮肤患病率最高,约 2/3 的 18-29 岁白人男性和女性人群受累,但晒伤也见于传统上较低风险的人种/族裔(IV 至 V 型皮肤),在 18-29 岁的非西班牙裔黑人男性和女性中,晒伤的患病率分别为 9% 和 13%。[7]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sunburn and sun protective behaviors among adults aged 18-29 years--United States, 2000-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61:317-322.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6118.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22572977?tool=bestpractice.com