Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124:869-871.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sunburn and sun protective behaviors among adults aged 18-29 years--United States, 2000-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61:317-322.
Han A, Maibach, HI. Management of acute sunburn. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2004;5:39-47.
US Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventive services. Behavioral counseling to prevent skin cancer. May 2012. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org (last accessed 7 July 2017).
1. Fitzpatrick TB. The validity and practicality of sun-reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124:869-871.
2. Stanton WR, Janda M, Baade PD, et al. Primary prevention of skin cancer: a review of sun protection in Australia and internationally. Health Promot Int. 2004;19:369-398.
3. Branstrom R, Kristjansson S, Dal H, et al. Sun exposure and sunburn among Swedish toddlers. Eur J Cancer. 2006;42:1441-1447.
4. Richards R, McGee R, Knight RG. Sun protection practices, knowledge and attitudes to tans among New Zealand adolescents, 1991-1997. N Z Med J. 2001;114:229-231.
5. Livingston PM, White V, Hayman J, et al. Australian adolescents' sun behavior: who are we kidding? Prev Med. 2007;44:508-512.
6. de Vries H, Lezwijn J, Hol M, et al. Skin cancer prevention: behaviour and motives of Dutch adolescents. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2005;14:39-50.
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sunburn and sun protective behaviors among adults aged 18-29 years--United States, 2000-2010. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012;61:317-322.
8. Brown TT, Quain RD, Troxel AB, et al. The epidemiology of sunburn in the US population in 2003. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:577-583.
9. Cokkinides V, Weinstock M, Glanz K, et al. Trends in sunburns, sun protection practices, and attitudes toward sun exposure protection and tanning among US adolescents, 1998-2004. Pediatrics. 2006;118:853-864.
10. James WD, Berger TD, Elston DM. Andrews' diseases of the skin: clinical dermatology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2006.
11. Ziegler A, Jonason AS, Leffell DJ, et al. Sunburn and p53 in the onset of skin cancer. Nature. 1994;372:773-776.
12. Bolognia, JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP. Dermatology. 1st ed. London, UK: Mosby; 2003.
13. Van Laethem A, Claerhout S, Garmyn M, et al. The sunburn cell: regulation of death and survival of the keratinocyte. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2005;37:1547-1553.
14. Han A, Maibach, HI. Management of acute sunburn. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2004;5:39-47.
15. US Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to clinical preventive services. Behavioral counseling to prevent skin cancer. May 2012. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org (last accessed 7 July 2017).
16. Zitser BS, Shah AN, Adams ML, et al. A survey of sunbathing practices on three Connecticut state beaches. Conn Med. 1996;60:591-594.
17. Hall HI, May DS, Lew RA, et al. Sun protection behaviors of the US white population. Prev Med. 1997;26:401-407.
18. Wright WW, Wright ST, Wagner RF. Mechanisms of sunscreen failure. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44:781-784.
19. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. February 2016. Sunlight exposure: risks and benefits. Available at https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng34 (accessed on 7 July 2017).
20. Goldfelder KL, Levin JM, Katz KA, et al. Ultraviolet recall reaction after total body irradiation, etoposide, and methotrexate therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:494-499.
21. Hettiaratchy S, Papini R. Initial management of a major burn: II - assessment and resuscitation. BMJ. 2004;329:101-103.
22. Berg AO. Screening for skin cancer: recommendations and rationale. Am J Nurs. 2004;104:87-91.
23. Cox NH, Sharpe G. Emollients, salicylic acid, and ultraviolet erythema. Lancet. 1990;335:53-54.
24. Heggie S, Bryant GP, Tripcony L, et al. A phase III study on the efficacy of topical aloe vera gel on irradiated breast tissue. Cancer Nurs. 2002; 25:442-451.
25. Crowell J, Hilsenbeck S, Penneys N. Aloe vera does not affect cutaneous erythema and blood flow following ultraviolet B exposure. Photodermatol. 1989;6:237-239.
26. Ferreira M, Teixeira M, Silva E, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis to aloe vera. Contact Dermatitis. 2007:57:278-279.
27. Cusano F, Luciano S. Contact dermatitis from pramoxine. Contact Dermatitis. 1993;28:39.
28. Parsons L. Office management of minor burns. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1997;1:40-49.
29. Griglak MJ. Thermal injury. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1992;10:369-383.
30. Autier P, Boniol M, Dore JF. Sunscreen use and increased duration of intentional sun exposure: still a burning issue. Int J Cancer. 2007;121:1-5.
31. D'Souza G, Evans GR. Mexoryl: a review of an ultraviolet A filter. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120:1071-1075.
32. Morison W. Photoprotection by clothing. Dermatol Ther. 2003;16:16-22.
33. Derancourt C, Bourdon-Lanoy E, Grob JJ, et al. Multiple large solar lentigos on the upper back as clinical markers of past severe sunburn: a case-control study. Dermatology. 2007;214:25-31.
使用此内容应接受我们的免责声明。
BMJ临床实践的持续改进离不开您的帮助和反馈。如果您发现任何功能问题和内容错误,或您对BMJ临床实践有任何疑问或建议,请您扫描右侧二维码并根据页面指导填写您的反馈和联系信息*。一旦您的建议在我们核实后被采纳,您将会收到一份小礼品。
如果您有紧急问题需要我们帮助,请您联系我们。
邮箱:bmjchina.support@bmj.com
电话:+86 10 64100686-612
*您的联系信息仅会用于我们与您确认反馈信息和礼品事宜。
BMJ临床实践官方反馈平台