晶状粟疹是最浅层的一种粟粒疹,小汗腺管阻塞时出现在角质层。[1]Wenzel FG, Horn TD. Nonneoplastic disorders of the eccrine glands. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:1-17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9448199?tool=bestpractice.com 晶状粟疹最常见于以下情况:发热性疾病,封闭式服装阻止湿热散发(例如被包裹的婴儿),在湿热气候条件下晒伤后,以及母亲发热的情况下娩出后不久的新生儿。[1]Wenzel FG, Horn TD. Nonneoplastic disorders of the eccrine glands. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:1-17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9448199?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Arpey CJ, Nagashima-Whalen LS, Chren MM, et al. Congenital miliaria crystalline: case report and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol. 1992;9:283-287.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1488382?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Straka BF, Cooper PH, Greer KE. Congenital miliaria crystallina. Cutis. 1991;47:103-106.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2001628?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Haas N, Henz BM, Weigel H. Congenital miliaria crystallina. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47:S270-S272.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399748?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Haas N, Martens F, Henz BM. Miliaria crystallina in an intensive care setting. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2004;29:32-34.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14723716?tool=bestpractice.com 此外,晶状粟疹也与高钠血症有关,在成人和儿童中都是如此。[10]Chao CT. Hypernatremia-related miliaria crystallina. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2014;18:831-832.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24263814?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Engür D, Türkmen MK, Savk E. Widespread miliaria crystallina in a newborn with hypernatremic dehydration. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013;30:e234-e235.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23252502?tool=bestpractice.com
对于红粟疹,小汗腺管阻塞发生在表皮生发层。[1]Wenzel FG, Horn TD. Nonneoplastic disorders of the eccrine glands. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:1-17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9448199?tool=bestpractice.com 红粟疹最常见于在湿热环境中穿封闭式服装的情况下,发病率可高达 30%,最高发病率出现在暴露于热带环境 2 到 5 个月后。[12]Lyons RE, Levine R, Auld D. Miliaria rubra, a manifestation of staphylococcal disease. Arch Dermatol. 1962;86:282-286.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14467655?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Sanderson PH, Sloper JC. Skin disease in the British army in SE Asia. I. Influence of the environment on skin disease. Br J Dermatol. 1953;65:252-264.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13059235?tool=bestpractice.com
深部粟疹的小汗腺管阻塞发生在真皮表皮交界处,发生于多次红粟疹发作后。[1]Wenzel FG, Horn TD. Nonneoplastic disorders of the eccrine glands. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:1-17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9448199?tool=bestpractice.com 深部粟疹通常仅见于热带环境中。[1]Wenzel FG, Horn TD. Nonneoplastic disorders of the eccrine glands. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;38:1-17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9448199?tool=bestpractice.com