病因尚未证实,但有研究表明:外伤、虫螫反应、结核菌素皮肤试验、日晒、补骨脂素和紫外线 A 光化学治疗以及病毒感染(例如 HIV 和带状疱疹)均为刺激因素。[8]Mills A, Chetty R. Auricular granuloma annulare. A consequence of trauma? Am J Dermatopathol. 1992;14:431-433.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1415961?tool=bestpractice.com一直有家族病例报告,并且全身型 GA 和单倍型 HLA BW35 之间可能存在关联。[9]Friedman-Birnbaum R, Haim S, Gideone O, et al Histocompatibility antigens in granuloma annulare. Comparative study of the generalized and localized types. Br J Dermatol. 1978;98:425-428.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/638048?tool=bestpractice.com据报告,GA 和糖尿病存在弱相关,但并未确定糖尿病为致病因素。[10]Nebesio CL, Lewis C, Chuang TY. Lack of an association between granuloma annulare and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:122-124.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11841378?tool=bestpractice.com该病与甲状腺疾病及高脂血症存在类似的[11]Vázquez-López F, Pereiro M, Manjón Haces JA, et al. Localized granuloma annulare and autoimmune thyroiditis in adult women: a case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:517-520.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12664012?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Dahl MV. Granuloma annulare: long-term follow-up. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143:945-955.http://archderm.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=413684http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17638746?tool=bestpractice.com弱相关。[13]Wu W, Robinson-Bostom L, Kokkotou E, et al. Dyslipidemia in granuloma annulare: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148:1131-1136.http://archderm.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1184493http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22710282?tool=bestpractice.com在霍奇金病和其他恶性血液肿瘤患者中一直有泛发性 GA 的报告;肿瘤细胞释放的细胞因子可能起了一定的作用。[5]Dadban A, Slama B, Azzedine A, et al. Widespread granuloma annulare and Hodgkin's disease. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008;33:465-468.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18462441?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Hinckley MR, Walsh SN, Molnar I, et al. Generalized granuloma annulare as an initial manifestation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a report of 2 cases. Am J Dermatopathol. 2008;30:274-277.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18496432?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Bassi A, Scarfi F, Galeone M, et al. Generalized granuloma annulare and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93:484-485.http://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/?doi=10.2340/00015555-1510&html=1http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23250047?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Wong WR, Yang LJ, Kuo TT, et al. Generalized granuloma annulare associated with granulomatous mycosis fungoides. Dermatology. 2000;200:54-56.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10681617?tool=bestpractice.com已有与生物制剂和化疗药物(例如威罗菲尼)相关的药物性 GA 报告。[16]Thornsberry LA, English JC 3rd. Etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of granuloma annulare: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013;14:279-290.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23696233?tool=bestpractice.com[17]Lee SB, Weide B, Ugurel S, et al. Vemurafenib-induced granuloma annulare. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2016;14:305-308.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26972200?tool=bestpractice.com