环形肉芽肿

Thornsberry LA, English JC 3rd. Etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of granuloma annulare: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013;14:279-290.

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Blume-Peytavi U, Zouboulis CC, Jacobi H, et al. Successful outcomes of cryosurgery in patients with granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol. 1994;130:494-497.

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Schleicher SM, Milstein HJ, Lim SJ, et al. Resolution of disseminated granuloma annulare with isotretinoin. Int J Dermatol. 1992;31:371-372.

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1.  Muhlbauer JE. Granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1980;3:217-230.

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2.  Cyr PR. Diagnosis and management of granuloma annulare. Am Fam Physician. 2006;74:1729-1734.

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3.  Nopper A, Markus R, Esterly N. When it's not ringworm: annular lesions of children. Pediatr Ann. 1998;27:136-148.

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4.  Davids JR, Kolman BH, Billman GF, et al. Subcutaneous granuloma annulare: recognition and treatment. J Pediatr Orthop. 1993;13:582-586.

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5.  Dadban A, Slama B, Azzedine A, et al. Widespread granuloma annulare and Hodgkin's disease. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008;33:465-468.

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6.  Dahl MV. Granuloma annulare. In: Freedberg IM, Eisen AZ, Wolff K, et al, eds. Fitzpatrick's dermatology in general medicine. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2003:980-984.

7.  Hinckley MR, Walsh SN, Molnar I, et al. Generalized granuloma annulare as an initial manifestation of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: a report of 2 cases. Am J Dermatopathol. 2008;30:274-277.

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8.  Mills A, Chetty R. Auricular granuloma annulare. A consequence of trauma? Am J Dermatopathol. 1992;14:431-433.

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9.  Friedman-Birnbaum R, Haim S, Gideone O, et al Histocompatibility antigens in granuloma annulare. Comparative study of the generalized and localized types. Br J Dermatol. 1978;98:425-428.

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10.  Nebesio CL, Lewis C, Chuang TY. Lack of an association between granuloma annulare and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:122-124.

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11.  Vázquez-López F, Pereiro M, Manjón Haces JA, et al. Localized granuloma annulare and autoimmune thyroiditis in adult women: a case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;48:517-520.

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12.  Dahl MV. Granuloma annulare: long-term follow-up. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143:945-955.

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13.  Wu W, Robinson-Bostom L, Kokkotou E, et al. Dyslipidemia in granuloma annulare: a case-control study. Arch Dermatol. 2012;148:1131-1136.

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14.  Bassi A, Scarfi F, Galeone M, et al. Generalized granuloma annulare and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93:484-485.

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15.  Wong WR, Yang LJ, Kuo TT, et al. Generalized granuloma annulare associated with granulomatous mycosis fungoides. Dermatology. 2000;200:54-56.

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16.  Thornsberry LA, English JC 3rd. Etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of granuloma annulare: an update. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2013;14:279-290.

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17.  Lee SB, Weide B, Ugurel S, et al. Vemurafenib-induced granuloma annulare. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2016;14:305-308.

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18.  Buechner SA, Winkelmann RK, Banks PM. Identification of T-cell subpopulations in granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol. 1983;119:125-128.

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19.  Hanna WM, Moreno-Merlo F, Andrighetti L. Granuloma annulare: an elastic tissue disease? Case report and literature review. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1999;23:33-38.

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20.  Dabski K, Winkelmann RK. Generalized granuloma annulare: clinical and laboratory findings in 100 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;20:39-47.

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21.  Maehara E, Wada N, Takamatsu H, et al. Generalised granuloma annulare associated with myelodysplastic syndrome. Eur J Dermatol. 2016 May 23 [Epub ahead of print].

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22.  Ohata C, Shirabe H, Takagi K, et al. Granuloma annulare in herpes zoster scars. J Dermatol. 2000;27:166-169.

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23.  O'Moore EJ, Nandwani R, Uthayakumar S, et al. HIV-associated granuloma annulare (HAGA): a report of six cases. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142:1054-1056.

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24.  Ma HJ, Zhu WY, Yue XZ. Generalized granuloma annulare associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006;20:186-189.

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25.  Ahmad U, Li X, Sodeman T, et al. Hepatitis C virus treatment with pegylated interferon-alfa therapy leading to generalized interstitial granuloma annulare and review of the literature. Am J Ther. 2013;20:585-587.

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26.  Nagase K, Koba S, Okawa T, et al. Generalized granuloma annulare following BCG vaccination, mimicking papular tuberculid. Eur J Dermatol. 2011;21:1001-1002.

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27.  Lee SW, Cheong SH, Byun JY, et al. Generalized granuloma annulare in infancy following bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination. Ann Dermatol. 2011;23(suppl 3):S319-S321.

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28.  Hsu S, Le EH, Khoshevis MR. Differential diagnosis of annular lesions. Am Fam Physician. 2001;64:289-297.

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29.  Russo G, Milikan LE. Cutaneous sarcoidosis: diagnosis and treatment. Compr Ther. 1994;20:418-421.

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30.  Penas PF, Jones-Caballero M, Fraga J, et al. Perforating granuloma annulare. Int J Dermatol. 1997;36:340-348.

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31.  Blume-Peytavi U, Zouboulis CC, Jacobi H, et al. Successful outcomes of cryosurgery in patients with granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol. 1994;130:494-497.

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32.  Volden G. Successful treatment of chronic skin diseases with clobetasol propionate and a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992;72:69-71.

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33.  Sparrow G, Abell E. Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica treated by jet injector. Br J Dermatol. 1975;93:85-89.

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34.  Kerker BJ, Huang CP, Morison WL. Photochemotherapy of generalized granuloma annulare. Arch Dermatol. 1990;126:359-361.

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35.  Pavlovsky M, Samuelov L, Sprecher E, et al. NB-UVB phototherapy for generalized granuloma annulare. Dermatol Ther. 2016;29:152-154.

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36.  Steiner A, Pehamberger H, Wolff K. Sulfone treatment of granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1985;13:1004-1008.

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37.  Fiallo P. Cyclosporin for the treatment of granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol. 1998;138:369-370.

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38.  Min MS, Lebwohl M. Treatment of recalcitrant granuloma annulare (GA) with adalimumab: a single-center, observational study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74:127-133.

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39.  Schleicher SM, Milstein HJ, Lim SJ, et al. Resolution of disseminated granuloma annulare with isotretinoin. Int J Dermatol. 1992;31:371-372.

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40.  Simon M Jr, von den Driesch P. Antimalarials for control of disseminated granuloma annulare in children. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994;31:1064-1065.

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41.  Weiss JM, Muchenberger S, Schopf E, et al. Treatment of granuloma annulare by local injections with low-dose recombinant human interferon gamma. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;39:117-119.

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42.  Marcus DV, Mahmoud BH, Hamzavi IH. Granuloma annulare treated with rifampin, ofloxacin, and minocycline combination therapy. Arch Dermatol. 2009;145:787-789.

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