疾病由病毒感染引起(通常为 1 或 3 型副流感病毒)。[3]Marx A, Torok TJ, Holman RC, et al. Pediatric hospitalizations for croup (laryngotracheobronchitis): biennial increases associated with human parainfluenza virus 1 epidemics. J Infect Dis. 1997;176:1423-1427.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395350?tool=bestpractice.com 另外,其他病毒病原体也可以引起此病,包括甲型和乙型流感病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、偏肺病毒、冠状病毒 HCoV-NL63 以及较为罕见的麻疹病毒。[1]Denny FW, Murphy TF, Clyde WA Jr, et al. Croup: an 11-year study in a pediatric practice. Pediatrics. 1983;71:871-876.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6304611?tool=bestpractice.com[4]Chapman RS, Henderson FW, Clyde WA Jr, et al. The epidemiology of tracheobronchitis in pediatric practice. Am J Epidemiol. 1981;114:786-797.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6797294?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Williams JV, Harris PA, Tollefson SJ, et al. Human metapneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in otherwise healthy infants and children. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:443-450.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14749452?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Van der Hoek L, Sure K, Ihorst G, et al. Human coronavirus NL63 infection is associated with croup. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2006;581:485-491.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17037582?tool=bestpractice.com[7]D'Souza RM, D'Souza R. Vitamin A for preventing secondary infections in children with measles - a systematic review. J Trop Pediatr. 2002;48:72-77.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12022432?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Hussey GD, Klein M. A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe measles. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jul 19;323(3):160-4.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2194128?tool=bestpractice.com 病毒性哮吼和痉挛性哮吼存在差异。但是,尚不清楚这两者是代表不同的疾病,还是属于同一种疾病。临床上很难鉴别这两种疾病,而且可能也没有必要鉴别,因为治疗方法主要基于病史和呼吸道阻塞的严重程度。在过去,喉白喉作为导致哮吼的原因被人们所熟知,但如今人们普遍接受免疫接种,因此很少见。印度和俄罗斯曾发表过关于白喉引起哮吼的报道。[9]Havaldar PV. Dexamethasone in laryngeal diphtheritic croup. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1997;17:21-23.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9176573?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Kapustian VA, Boldyrev VV, Maleev VV, et al. The local manifestations of diphtheria [in Russian]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 1994;4:19-22.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7992526?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Platonova TV, Korzhenkova MP. Clinical aspects of diphtheria in infants [in Russian]. Pediatriia. 1991;6:15-20.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1945649?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Pokrovskii VI, Ostrovskii NN, Astaf'eva NV, et al. Croup in toxic forms of diphtheria in adults [in Russian]. Ter Arkh. 1985;57:119-122.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4023930?tool=bestpractice.com 既往插管史与哮吼之间似乎存在弱相关性。[13]Russell K. Risk factors for predicting severe croup and bacterial tracheitis (master's thesis). 2006. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta.