D-环丝氨酸
暴露为基础的治疗可通过记忆巩固合并使用低剂量局部N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体激动剂D-环丝氨酸来增强。[77]Ressler KJ, Rothbaum BO, Tannenbaum L, et al. Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61:1136-1144.http://archpsyc.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/61/11/1136http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15520361?tool=bestpractice.com额外的随机试验是有必要的。在一个蛇恐怖症接受暴露疗法的样本中,暴露疗法过程中联合加强D-环丝氨酸治疗显示,与对照组相比,能增强眶额中部和前扣带回膝部的活性,减低正常扣带旁回活性。[78]Nave AM, Tolin DF, Stevens MC. Exposure therapy, d-cycloserine, and functional magnetic resonance imaging in patients with snake phobia: a randomized pilot study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73:1179-1186.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23059145?tool=bestpractice.com