在恐怖症发病时的负面经历:有可靠的证据表明,约有25%的恐怖症患者在恐怖症发病时没有回想起任何消极或厌恶的经历。[31]Davey GC. Classical conditioning and the acquisition of human fears and phobias: a review and synthesis of the literature. Adv Behav Res Ther. 1992;14:29-66.
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
在恐怖症发病时的负面经历:有可靠的证据表明,约有25%的恐怖症患者在恐怖症发病时没有回想起任何消极或厌恶的经历。[31]Davey GC. Classical conditioning and the acquisition of human fears and phobias: a review and synthesis of the literature. Adv Behav Res Ther. 1992;14:29-66.
儿童症状的改善:有可靠的证据表明,家长参与的个人和团体CBT模式是管理儿童恐怖症的有效方法。[73]Silverman WK, Pina AA, Viswesvaran C. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2008;37:105-130.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18444055?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
儿童症状的改善:有可靠的证据表明,家长参与的个人和团体CBT模式是管理儿童恐怖症的有效方法。[73]Silverman WK, Pina AA, Viswesvaran C. Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2008;37:105-130.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18444055?tool=bestpractice.com
恐怖症的遗传:有中等可靠的证据表明,女性双胞胎中情境、动物和血液注射损伤型恐惧症的遗传率分别为46%,47%和59%。[33]Kendler KS, Karkowski LM, Prescott CA. Fears and phobias: reliability and heritability. Psychol Med. 1999;29:539-553.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405076?tool=bestpractice.com其他双胞胎恐怖症的研究有限。
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
恐怖症的遗传:有中等可靠的证据表明,女性双胞胎中情境、动物和血液注射损伤型恐惧症的遗传率分别为46%,47%和59%。[33]Kendler KS, Karkowski LM, Prescott CA. Fears and phobias: reliability and heritability. Psychol Med. 1999;29:539-553.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405076?tool=bestpractice.com其他双胞胎恐怖症的研究有限。
症状改善:有中等可靠的证据表明,在特定恐怖症的成人和儿童样本中,单次集中的以暴露为基础的干预持续约3小时,其治疗有效而且高效。[50]Zlomke K, Davis TE. One-session treatment of specific phobias: a detailed description and review of treatment efficacy. Behav Ther. 2008;39:207-223.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18721635?tool=bestpractice.com[51]Davis TE, Ollendick TH. Intensive treatment of specific phobias in children and adolescents. Cogn Behav Pract. 2009;16:294-303.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20161063?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
症状改善:有中等可靠的证据表明,在特定恐怖症的成人和儿童样本中,单次集中的以暴露为基础的干预持续约3小时,其治疗有效而且高效。[50]Zlomke K, Davis TE. One-session treatment of specific phobias: a detailed description and review of treatment efficacy. Behav Ther. 2008;39:207-223.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18721635?tool=bestpractice.com[51]Davis TE, Ollendick TH. Intensive treatment of specific phobias in children and adolescents. Cogn Behav Pract. 2009;16:294-303.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20161063?tool=bestpractice.com