患者治疗效果取决于多种因素,包括单侧或双侧隐睾症、隐睾的位置和手术矫正时的年龄。 成功的手术矫正,定义为到达阴囊位置并且无萎缩,睾丸位于腹股沟外环之外时,成功率是 92% 至 95%;睾丸位置越高,失败率越高。[87]Docimo SG. The results of surgical therapy for cryptorchidism: a literature review and analysis. J Urol. 1995 Sep;154(3):1148-52.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7637073?tool=bestpractice.com[88]Taran I, Elder JS. Results of orchiopexy for the undescended testis. World J Urol. 2006 Aug;24(3):231-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16676187?tool=bestpractice.com 接受早期睾丸固定术的隐睾症患者中,睾丸癌的发生率或多或少地高于一般人群,但在接受晚期隐睾症手术矫正或没有接受矫正的患者中,恶性肿瘤的发生率几乎是接受早期睾丸固定术患者的 6 倍。[64]Pettersson A, Richiardi L, Nordenskjold A, et al. Age at surgery for undescended testis and risk of testicular cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 3;356(18):1835-41.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa067588http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17476009?tool=bestpractice.com[103]Walsh TJ, Dall'Era MA, Croughan MS, et al. Prepubertal orchiopexy for cryptorchidism may be associated with lower risk of testicular cancer. J Urol. 2007 Oct;178(4 Pt 1):1440-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17706709?tool=bestpractice.com
在出生时患有单侧睾丸未降的男孩中,后来发生肿瘤的几率大约是 120 个男孩中有 1 个,发生双侧睾丸未降的几率约为 44 个中有 1 个。睾丸在腹腔内位置越高,风险就越大。[64]Pettersson A, Richiardi L, Nordenskjold A, et al. Age at surgery for undescended testis and risk of testicular cancer. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 3;356(18):1835-41.https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa067588http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17476009?tool=bestpractice.com[103]Walsh TJ, Dall'Era MA, Croughan MS, et al. Prepubertal orchiopexy for cryptorchidism may be associated with lower risk of testicular cancer. J Urol. 2007 Oct;178(4 Pt 1):1440-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17706709?tool=bestpractice.com
越来越多罹患隐睾症且伴有不育症的患者在使用辅助生殖和睾丸取精。 接受过单侧或双侧隐睾修复后的无精症成年男性,经常可以取到精子。[104]Raman JD, Schlegel PN. Testicular sperm extraction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection is successful for the treatment of nonobstructive azoospermia associated with cryptorchidism. J Urol. 2003 Oct;170(4 Pt 1):1287-90.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14501743?tool=bestpractice.com