马蹄足新生儿的韧带穿刺活检显示,胶原纤维呈波浪形密集排列。[7]Ponseti IV, Smoley EN. The classic: congenital club foot: the results of treatment. 1963. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467:1133-1145.http://www.springerlink.com/content/70343q11g7v0v72p/fulltext.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19219519?tool=bestpractice.com[8]Ponseti IV, Campos J. The classic: observations on pathogenesis and treatment of congenital clubfoot. 1972. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2009;467:1124-1132.http://www.springerlink.com/content/623k8t5g112vm276/fulltext.htmlhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19219518?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Ponseti IV. Treatment of congenital club foot. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74:448-454.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548277?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Herceg MB, Weiner DS, Agamanolis DP, et al. Histologic and histochemical analysis of muscle specimens in idiopathic talipes equinovarus. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:91-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439910?tool=bestpractice.com中后跗骨韧带以及踝关节韧带增厚,导致后足内翻、内收和马蹄足。距骨跖曲伴有内侧旋转,导致舟状骨内侧移位。胫骨前肌、踇趾伸肌和趾伸肌均发生内侧移位。多种畸形合并从而导致前足旋前,对应后足旋后。
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: 一名青少年足部三维视图显示马蹄足畸形呈现典型的马蹄足、内翻和内收畸形由 Scott E. Van Valin 提供 [Citation ends].