尽管已经提出了几种喉软化(LM)的理论,但它的病因仍未完全理解。
一种解剖学理论表明,声门上解剖异常导致 LM。[10]Manning SC, Inglis AF, Mouzakes J, et al. Laryngeal anatomic differences in pediatric patients with severe laryngomalacia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2005;131:340-343.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15837904?tool=bestpractice.com另一种理论认为喉软骨不成熟和松弛导致LM,这种情况会随着年龄增长而改善,但目前还没有发现LM婴儿的软骨与没有LM的婴儿有差别。
还有一种理论认为是神经肌肉的不协调[11]Archer SM. Acquired flaccid larynx. A case report supporting the neurologic theory of laryngomalacia. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992;118:654-657.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1637544?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Hui Y, Gaffney R, Crysdale WS. Laser aryepiglottoplasty for the treatment of neurasthenic laryngomalacia in cerebral palsy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1995;104:432-436.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7771714?tool=bestpractice.com或者是喉张力降低造成了LM,这种喉张力降低是由于控制喉上部张力的神经通路不成熟而导致。[13]Thompson DM. Abnormal sensorimotor integrative function of the larynx in congenital laryngomalacia: a new theory of etiology. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:1-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17513991?tool=bestpractice.com多至 20% 的 LM 儿童患者发现有神经系统异常。[13]Thompson DM. Abnormal sensorimotor integrative function of the larynx in congenital laryngomalacia: a new theory of etiology. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:1-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17513991?tool=bestpractice.com
GORD 也有密切关系,并在多至 80% 的 LM 病例中发生。[13]Thompson DM. Abnormal sensorimotor integrative function of the larynx in congenital laryngomalacia: a new theory of etiology. Laryngoscope. 2007;117:1-33.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17513991?tool=bestpractice.com在完全了解病因之前还有许多工作要做。