病程:有高质量的证据表明,早期重新进食治疗的儿童比饥饿和逐渐重新进食治疗的儿童有更好的体重增加和更短的腹泻病程。[36]Sandhu BK; European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Working Group on Acute Diarrhoea. Rationale for early feeding in childhood gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;33(suppl 2):S13-S16.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11698780?tool=bestpractice.com[38]Brown KH, Gastanaduy AS, Saavedra JM, et al. Effects of continued oral feeding on clinical and nutritional outcomes of acute diarrhea in children. J Pediatr. 1988;112:191-200.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3339500?tool=bestpractice.com[39]Sandhu BK, Isolauri E, Walker-Smith JA, et al. A multicenter study on behalf of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Working Group on Acute Diarrhoea. Early feeding in childhood gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997;24:522-527.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9161945?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
病程:有高质量的证据表明,早期重新进食治疗的儿童比饥饿和逐渐重新进食治疗的儿童有更好的体重增加和更短的腹泻病程。[36]Sandhu BK; European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Working Group on Acute Diarrhoea. Rationale for early feeding in childhood gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001;33(suppl 2):S13-S16.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11698780?tool=bestpractice.com[38]Brown KH, Gastanaduy AS, Saavedra JM, et al. Effects of continued oral feeding on clinical and nutritional outcomes of acute diarrhea in children. J Pediatr. 1988;112:191-200.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3339500?tool=bestpractice.com[39]Sandhu BK, Isolauri E, Walker-Smith JA, et al. A multicenter study on behalf of the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Working Group on Acute Diarrhoea. Early feeding in childhood gastroenteritis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997;24:522-527.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9161945?tool=bestpractice.com
补液:有高质量的证据表明,鼻胃补液与静脉内(IV)疗法同样有效,但相关并发症更少。[47]Green SD. Treatment of moderate and severe dehydration by nasogastric drip. Trop Doct. 1987;17:86-88.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576693?tool=bestpractice.com[48]Nager AL, Wang VJ. Comparison of nasogastric and intravenous methods of rehydration in pediatric patients with acute dehydration. Pediatrics. 2002;109:566-572.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11927697?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Sharifi J, Ghavami F, Nowrouzi Z, et al. Oral versus intravenous rehydration therapy in severe gastroenteritis. Arch Dis Child. 1985;60:856-860.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1777458/pdf/archdisch00718-0074.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3901934?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
补液:有高质量的证据表明,鼻胃补液与静脉内(IV)疗法同样有效,但相关并发症更少。[47]Green SD. Treatment of moderate and severe dehydration by nasogastric drip. Trop Doct. 1987;17:86-88.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3576693?tool=bestpractice.com[48]Nager AL, Wang VJ. Comparison of nasogastric and intravenous methods of rehydration in pediatric patients with acute dehydration. Pediatrics. 2002;109:566-572.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11927697?tool=bestpractice.com[49]Sharifi J, Ghavami F, Nowrouzi Z, et al. Oral versus intravenous rehydration therapy in severe gastroenteritis. Arch Dis Child. 1985;60:856-860.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1777458/pdf/archdisch00718-0074.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3901934?tool=bestpractice.com
缩短腹泻病程和降低严重性:有高质量的证据表明,在急性腹泻感染的儿童中,乳杆菌可以缩短腹泻病程(大约每日 0.6),并在治疗的第二日减少 1 至 2 次的腹泻频率。[59]Van Niel CW, Feudtner C, Garrison MM, et al. Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2002;109:678-684.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11927715?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
缩短腹泻病程和降低严重性:有高质量的证据表明,在急性腹泻感染的儿童中,乳杆菌可以缩短腹泻病程(大约每日 0.6),并在治疗的第二日减少 1 至 2 次的腹泻频率。[59]Van Niel CW, Feudtner C, Garrison MM, et al. Lactobacillus therapy for acute infectious diarrhea in children: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2002;109:678-684.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11927715?tool=bestpractice.com
缩短腹泻病程和降低严重性:有高质量的证据表明,在发展中国家患有腹泻的儿童补充锌可降低腹泻的持续时间和严重性。[65]Patel AB, Dhande LA, Rawat MS. Therapeutic evaluation of zinc and copper supplementation in acute diarrhea in children: double blind randomized trial. Indian Pediatr. 2005;42:433-442.http://www.indianpediatrics.net/may2005/433.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923689?tool=bestpractice.com[66]Bahl R, Bhandari N, Saksena M, et al. Efficacy of zinc-fortified oral rehydration solution in 6- to 35-month-old children with acute diarrhea. J Pediatr. 2002;141:677-682.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12410197?tool=bestpractice.com[67]Bhatnager S, Bahl R, Sharma PK, et al. Zinc with oral rehydration therapy reduces stool output and duration of diarrhea in hospitalized children: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;38:34-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14676592?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
缩短腹泻病程和降低严重性:有高质量的证据表明,在发展中国家患有腹泻的儿童补充锌可降低腹泻的持续时间和严重性。[65]Patel AB, Dhande LA, Rawat MS. Therapeutic evaluation of zinc and copper supplementation in acute diarrhea in children: double blind randomized trial. Indian Pediatr. 2005;42:433-442.http://www.indianpediatrics.net/may2005/433.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923689?tool=bestpractice.com[66]Bahl R, Bhandari N, Saksena M, et al. Efficacy of zinc-fortified oral rehydration solution in 6- to 35-month-old children with acute diarrhea. J Pediatr. 2002;141:677-682.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12410197?tool=bestpractice.com[67]Bhatnager S, Bahl R, Sharma PK, et al. Zinc with oral rehydration therapy reduces stool output and duration of diarrhea in hospitalized children: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004;38:34-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14676592?tool=bestpractice.com