儿童病毒性胃肠炎

良好的个人卫生对防止病毒传播极为重要。这包括用肥皂勤洗手、注意尿布的处理以及食物和饮用水的正确准备和储存。[22]Ejemot-Nwadiaro RI, Ehiri JE, Arikpo D, et al. Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(9):CD004265.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004265.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26346329?tool=bestpractice.com建议婴幼儿实行母乳喂养和进行轮状病毒疫苗的常规免疫。[4]Leung AK, Kellner JD, Davies HD. Rotavirus gastroenteritis. Adv Ther. 2005;22:476-487.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418157?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Cortese MM, Parashar UD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58:1-25.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5802a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194371?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Le Saux N; Canadian Pediatric Society. Position statement: recommendations for the use of rotavirus vaccines in infants. September 2016. http://www.cps.ca/ (last accessed 21 April 2017).http://www.cps.ca/documents/position/rotavirus-vaccines

如果可能的话，婴儿出生后前 6 个月应只由母乳喂养。在添加辅助食物之后，应继续母乳喂养，至少持续最初的 12 个月。之后只要母亲和婴儿都希望，应鼓励继续母乳喂养。[79]Leung AK. Breastfeeding. In: Leung AK, ed. Common problems in ambulatory pediatrics: anticipatory guidance and behavioral pediatrics. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.; 2011:1-14.[80]Leung AK, Robson WL. Breastfeeding. In: Carter LV, ed. Child nutrition research advances. New York, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc.; 2007.[81]Lamberti LM, Fischer Walker CL, Noiman A, et al. Breastfeeding and the risk for diarrhea morbidity and mortality. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(suppl 3):S15.https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S15http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501432?tool=bestpractice.com[82]Eidelman AI. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk: an analysis of the American Academy of Pediatrics 2012 breastfeeding policy statement. Breastfeed Med. 2012;7:323-324.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22946888?tool=bestpractice.com

建议婴幼儿普遍免疫接种可以从 6 周开始，并在 8 个月 0 天完成轮状病毒疫苗接种计划。[23]Cortese MM, Parashar UD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009;58:1-25.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5802a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194371?tool=bestpractice.com[24]Le Saux N; Canadian Pediatric Society. Position statement: recommendations for the use of rotavirus vaccines in infants. September 2016. http://www.cps.ca/ (last accessed 21 April 2017).http://www.cps.ca/documents/position/rotavirus-vaccines[83]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Birth-18 years & "catch-up" immunization schedules - United States, 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/ (last accessed 21 April 2017).https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/downloads/child/0-18yrs-child-combined-schedule.pdf轮状病毒疫苗可以安全有效地抵御轮状病毒发病率和死亡率。[84]Munos MK, Fischer Walker CL, Black RE. The effect of rotavirus vaccine on diarrhoea mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(suppl 1):i56-i62.https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/39/suppl_1/i56/699835/The-effect-of-rotavirus-vaccine-on-diarrhoeahttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20348127?tool=bestpractice.com[85]Soares-Weiser K, Goldberg E, Tamimi G. Rotavirus vaccine for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(1):CD002848.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD002848.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14973994?tool=bestpractice.com[86]Soares-Weiser K, Maclehose H, Bergman H, et al. Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(2):CD008521.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008521.pub3/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22336845?tool=bestpractice.com [ ]What are the benefits and harms of vaccines for the prevention of rotavirus diarrhea?http://cochraneclinicalanswers.com/doi/10.1002/cca.971/full显示答案