非持续性室性心动过速最常见于有潜在缺血性或者非缺血性心脏疾病的患者;但在一部分健康人群中也可能见到。[13]Kennedy HL, Whitlock JA, Sprague MK, et al. Long-term follow-up of asymptomatic healthy subjects with frequent and complex ventricular ectopy. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:193-197.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2578212?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Montague TJ, McPherson DD, MacKenzie BR, et al. Frequent ventricular ectopic activity without underlying cardiac disease: analysis of 45 subjects. Am J Cardiol. 1983;52:980-984.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6195910?tool=bestpractice.com[15]Crosson JE, Callans DJ, Bradley DJ, et al. PACES/HRS expert consensus statement on the evaluation and management of ventricular arrhythmias in the child with a structurally normal heart. Heart Rhythm. 2014:pii;S1547-S5271.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24814375?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Katritsis DG, Zareba W, Camm AJ. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:1993-2004.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109712042258http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23083773?tool=bestpractice.com
尽管缺血性心脏疾病仍然是导致非持续性室性心动过速最常见的原因,尤其是在西方国家中;但从世界范围来看,传染性疾病,包括中美洲的恰加斯氏病和其他一些非缺血性心肌病,也是促使非持续性室性心动过速发作的因素。[17]Cubillos-Garzon LA, Casas JP, Morillo CA, et al. Congestive heart failure in Latin America: the next epidemic. Am Heart J. 2004;147:412-417.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14999188?tool=bestpractice.com
结构性心脏病,如肥厚型心肌病、特发性扩张型心肌病、先天性心脏病和瓣膜性心脏病,也与非持续性室性心动过速有关。[18]Grimm W, Christ M, Bach J, et al. Noninvasive arrhythmia risk stratification in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: results of the Marburg cardiomyopathy study. Circulation. 2003;108:2883-2891.http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/108/23/2883http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14623812?tool=bestpractice.com[19]Kligfield, P, Hochreiter C, Niles N, et al. Relation of sudden death in pure mitral regurgitation, with and without mitral valve prolapse, to repetitive left ventricular arrhythmias and right and left ventricular ejection fractions. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60:397-399.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3618505?tool=bestpractice.com[20]Wolfe RR, Driscoll DJ, Gersony WM, et al. Arrhythmias in patients with valvar aortic stenosis, valvar pulmonary stenosis, and ventricular septal defect: results of 24-hour ECG monitoring. Circulation. 1993;87(2 suppl):I89-I101.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8425327?tool=bestpractice.com[21]Maron BJ, McKenna WJ, Danielson GK, et al. American College of Cardiology/European Society of Cardiology clinical expert consensus document on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42:1687-1713.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109703009410http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14607462?tool=bestpractice.com
多种细胞蛋白异常,例如钠和钾通道(长 QT 综合征、Brugada 综合征)、细胞内钙通道(儿茶酚胺依赖性多形性室性心动过速)、肌节蛋白(肥厚型心肌病)和细胞结构蛋白(特发性扩张型心肌病)都与 NSVT 有关。[22]Shimizu W. The long QT syndrome: therapeutic implications of a genetic diagnosis. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;67:347-356.http://cardiovascres.oxfordjournals.org/content/67/3/347.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15979599?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Lehnart SE, Ackerman MJ, Benson DW Jr, et al. Inherited arrhythmias: a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Office of Rare Diseases workshop consensus report about the diagnosis, phenotyping, molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches for primary cardiomyopathies of gene mutations affecting ion channel function. Circulation. 2007;116:2325-2345. [Erratum in: Circulation. 2008;118:e132.]http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/116/20/2325.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17998470?tool=bestpractice.com
电解质紊乱(尤其是低钾血症和低镁血症)经常诱发和/或触发NSVT。此外,一些可以导致QT间期延长的药物,也会诱发NSVT(大环内脂类抗菌素,氯丙嗪, 氟哌啶醇)。抗心律失常的药物,比如地高辛,氟卡尼,索他洛尔和多菲利特,被用来治疗房性心律失常,他们可以导致意外的室性心律失常发生,被称为致心律失常作用。
具有50岁前猝死家族史(尤其是在一级亲属中)的人群发生持续性和非持续性室性心动过速的几率增加。长QT综合征、儿茶酚胺依赖型室性心动过速和一些来源于心室流出道的特发性室性心动过速患者中,心理上或者生理应激均会诱发NSVT。