一定要询问前往疫区的旅行史,并且应当特别询问来自疫区的移民是否食用进口奶制品。[54]Gerada A, Beeching NJ. Brucellosis and travel. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016;14:180-181.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27317845?tool=bestpractice.com[55]Norman FF, Monge-Maillo B, Chamorro-Tojeiro S, et al. Imported brucellosis: a case series and literature review. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2016;14:182-199.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27185403?tool=bestpractice.com[56]Bosilkovski M, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Brucellosis and its particularities in children travelers. Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov. 2014;9:164-172.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25851430?tool=bestpractice.com
全球主要流行区域包括地中海、阿拉伯湾、中亚以及中南美洲部分地区。[2]Pappas G, Akritidis N, Bosilkovski M, et al. Brucellosis. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2325-2336.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15930423?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Pappas G, Papadimitriou P, Akritidis N, et al. The new global map of human brucellosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:91-99.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16439329?tool=bestpractice.com[6]Young EJ. An overview of human brucellosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:283-289.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8562733?tool=bestpractice.com[16]Dean AS, Crump L, Greter H, et al. Global burden of human brucellosis: a systematic review of disease frequency. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1865.http://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001865http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145195?tool=bestpractice.com有证据表明,在印度,该感染常见,但有漏报。[8]Mantur BG, Amarnath SK, Shinde RS. Review of clinical and laboratory features of human brucellosis. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2007;25:188-202.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901634?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Gwida M, Al Dahouk S, Melzer F, et al. Brucellosis - regionally emerging zoonotic disease? Croat Med J. 2010;51:289-295.http://www.cmj.hr/2010/51/4/20718081.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20718081?tool=bestpractice.com并且,在世界其他地区也有新发病例,例如波利尼西亚和泰国。[10]Guerrier G, Daronat JM, Morisse L, et al. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of human Brucella suis infection in Polynesia. Epidemiol Infect. 2011;139:1621-1625.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21733252?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Ekpanyaskul C, Santiwattanakul S, Tantisiriwat W, et al. Factors associated with seropositive antibodies to Brucella melitensis in the Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. J Med Assoc Thai. 2012;95(suppl 12):S40-S46.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23513464?tool=bestpractice.com[12]Lewis J, Taegtmeyer M, Murray S, et al. Brucellosis, human, melitensis – UK ex Thailand (Nakom Pathom). ProMED-mail. May 2015. http://promedmail.org/ (last accessed 26 August 2016).http://promedmail.org/post/20150521.3377052