治疗的目标是消除感染,减轻临床症状,防止传播蔓延,以及降低HIV传播。 即便消除了内在感染,但破损部位仍旧愈合缓慢最终仍会形成瘢痕。[36]Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com[41]Behets FM, Liomba G, Lule G, et al. Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus control in Malawi: a field study of genital ulcer disease. J Infect Dis. 1995 Feb;171(2):451-5.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7844388?tool=bestpractice.com[59]Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect. 1999 Feb;75(1):3-17.http://sti.bmj.com/content/sextrans/75/1/3.full.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10448335?tool=bestpractice.com
抗生素治疗
软下疳常对合适抗生素应答良好。 此处推荐四种抗感染方案,对大多数患者效果相同:[36]Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com[60]Romero L, Huerfano C, Grillo-Ardila CF. Macrolides for treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi infection in sexually active adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 11;(12):CD012492.http://cochranelibrary-wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD012492.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29226307?tool=bestpractice.com
阿奇霉素(单剂量方案)
头孢曲松(单剂量方案)
环丙沙星(多剂量方案)
红霉素(多剂量方案)
喹诺酮类(例如环丙沙星)在孕妇或者哺乳妇女中禁用。阿奇霉素是妊娠期B类药物。头孢曲松或者红霉素是可接受的治疗药物。据报告,杜克雷嗜血杆菌对妊娠或者胎儿没有显著不良影响。[36]Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com
HIV 感染者易出现治疗失败,其溃疡愈合有时更为缓慢。对于 HIV 感染者,关于单剂量治疗方案的证据不足,因此首选多剂量治疗方案药物(例如环丙沙星和红霉素),在随访不确定的情况下,尤其如此。[36]Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com[59]Fleming DT, Wasserheit JN. From epidemiological synergy to public health policy and practice: the contribution of other sexually transmitted diseases to sexual transmission of HIV infection. Sex Transm Infect. 1999 Feb;75(1):3-17.http://sti.bmj.com/content/sextrans/75/1/3.full.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10448335?tool=bestpractice.com[61]Annan NT, Lewis DA. Treatment of chancroid in resource-poor countries. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2005 Apr;3(2):295-306.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15918786?tool=bestpractice.com
抗菌治疗后的3-7天需对患者进行病情评估以证实症状有所改善。 3天内疼痛常能缓解。 溃疡愈合需1-2周,但巨大溃疡愈合常超过2周。 波动性淋巴结炎缓解时间超过溃疡愈合时间。 对部分病例而言需重复穿刺抽液或切开引流。[62]Schmid GP. Treatment of chancroid, 1997. Clin Infect Dis. 1999 Jan;28 Suppl 1:S14-20.https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/28/Supplement_1/S14/412218http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10028106?tool=bestpractice.com 治疗成功后复发罕见。
如果治疗3-7天后症状未改善:
前10天内同软下疳患者进行性接触的人,即便无任何症状出现,也需进行体检并接受治疗。[36]Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015 Jun 5;64(RR-03):1-137.http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26042815?tool=bestpractice.com 性伴侣未接受治疗的话,会再次感染杜克雷嗜血杆菌。[13]Spinola, SM. Chancroid and Haemophilus ducreyi. In: Holmes KK, Sparling PF, Stamm WE, et al, eds. Sexually transmitted diseases. 4th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2008:689-700.