抽动患者(尤其是 Tourette 综合征患者)可能患有其他共病,包括 ADHD 和强迫症 (OCD)。[3]Fahn S, Jankovic J. Principles and practice of movement disorders. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2007:409-33.[45]Hirschtritt ME, Lee PC, Pauls DL, et al; Tourette Syndrome Association International Consortium for Genetics. Lifetime prevalence, age of risk, and genetic relationships of comorbid psychiatric disorders in Tourette syndrome. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Apr;72(4):325-33.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446055/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25671412?tool=bestpractice.com
对 3500 例患者的大型国际研究发现,60% 的 Tourette 综合征患者合并有 ADHD,27% 合并有 OCD,32% 存在强迫行为,23% 存在学习障碍,15% 存在品行障碍或对立违抗性障碍。[40]Freeman RD, Fast DK, Burd L, et al. An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3,500 individuals in 22 countries. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000 Jul;42(7):436-47.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00346.xhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10972415?tool=bestpractice.com
同样,男孩比女孩更有可能出现共病。抽搐患者合并症的发生率:有中等质量的证据表明,男孩比女孩更容易出现合并症。[40]Freeman RD, Fast DK, Burd L, et al. An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3,500 individuals in 22 countries. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2000 Jul;42(7):436-47.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2000.tb00346.xhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10972415?tool=bestpractice.com受试者<200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)、受试者>200名且方法学存在缺陷的随机对照临床试验(RCT)、方法学存在缺陷的系统评价或者高质量的观察性(队列)研究。
在 Tourette 综合征患者中,特别是在女性患者中,也发现了其他重复性过度关注自身身体的疾病,例如拔毛症和皮肤搔抓障碍。[48]Greenberg E, Tung ES, Gauvin C, et al. Prevalence and predictors of hair pulling disorder and excoriation disorder in Tourette syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018 May;27(5):569-79.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29098466?tool=bestpractice.com