在美国,卵巢早衰 (POF) 见于大约 1% 的 40 岁以下女性。[2]Coulam CB, Adamson SC, Annegers JF. Incidence of premature ovarian failure. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;67:604-606.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3960433?tool=bestpractice.com在 35 岁前,患病率为 250 名女性中有 1 例,在 40 岁前,患病率为 100 名女性中有 1 例。[2]Coulam CB, Adamson SC, Annegers JF. Incidence of premature ovarian failure. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;67:604-606.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3960433?tool=bestpractice.com一项研究提示,在美国,POF 风险在亚裔和非洲裔女性中较低,在白人女性中较高。[3]Luborsky JL, Meyer P, Sowers MF, et al. Premature menopause in a multi-ethnic population study of the menopause transition. Hum Reprod. 2003;18:199-206.http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/18/1/199.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12525467?tool=bestpractice.com在出现继发性闭经的女性中,有 4% 至 18% 被诊断为 POF。[4]Anasti JN. Premature ovarian failure: an update. Fertil Steril. 1998;70:1-15.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9660412?tool=bestpractice.com与月经初潮的平均年龄不同,美国女性的平均停经年龄(51 岁)在上个世纪保持恒定,提示卵巢功能终止有遗传学决定因素。[5]Goswami D, Conway GS. Premature ovarian failure. Hum Reprod Update. 2005;11:391-410.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15919682?tool=bestpractice.com
8 名女性中至少有 1 名在自然绝经前接受手术切除双侧卵巢,这在子宫切除术中最为常见。[6]Shuster LT, Gostout BS, Grossardt BR, et al. Prophylactic oophorectomy in premenopausal women and long-term health - a review. Menopause Int. 2008;14:111-116.http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=2585770&blobtype=pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18714076?tool=bestpractice.com卵巢切除术有恶性和良性适应症,包括乳腺和卵巢癌预防。越来越多的育龄女性成为癌症幸存者。她们可能会因化疗或放疗而发生卵巢早衰。卵巢衰竭的可能性取决于所用的剂量和治疗方案。[7]European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency. December 2015. https://www.eshre.eu (last accessed 11 March 2016).https://www.eshre.eu/Guidelines-and-Legal/Guidelines/Management-of-premature-ovarian-insufficiency.aspx