一般而言,卵巢早衰 (POF) 不能预测,也不能预防。避免危险因素,包括吸烟、子宫切除术和子宫动脉栓塞,可能降低风险。[24]McKinlay SM. The normal menopause transition: an overview. Maturitas. 1996;23:137-145.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8735352?tool=bestpractice.com在因恶性肿瘤需要盆腔放射治疗的患者中,通过卵巢屏蔽或以手术方式将卵巢转移到辐射区域之外,可使 POF 风险降低 60% 至 100%。[25]Morice P, Juncker L, Rey A, et al. Ovarian transposition for patients with cervical carcinoma treated by radiosurgical combination. Fertil Steril. 2000;74:743-748.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11020517?tool=bestpractice.com对于需要化疗的患者,同时采取促性腺激素释放激素激动剂治疗以减少卵巢卵泡损害的疗效尚不清楚,不过一项 Cochrane 综述显示了疗效证据,尽管来自不同研究的结果,有相当大的异质性。[26]Kim SS, Lee JR, Jee BC, et al. Use of hormonal protection for chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2010;53:740-752.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21048441?tool=bestpractice.com[27]Chen H, Li J, Cui T, Hu L. Adjuvant gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for the prevention of chemotherapy induced premature ovarian failure in premenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(11):CD008018.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008018.pub2/fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22071842?tool=bestpractice.com[28]Del Mastro L, Boni L, Michelotti A, et al. Effect of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin on the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced early menopause in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2011;306:269-276.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21771987?tool=bestpractice.com[29]Moore HC, Unger JM, Phillips KA, et al. Goserelin for ovarian protection during breast-cancer adjuvant chemotherapy. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:923-932.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1413204#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738668?tool=bestpractice.com