社区获得性急性细菌性唾液腺炎的发生率尚未得知。但是,0.01%~0.02%的入院患者和0.02%~0.04%的术后患者会罹患该疾病。[2]Krippaehne WW, Hunt TK, Dunphy JE. Acute suppurative parotitis: a study of 161 cases. Ann Surg. 1962;156:251-257.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1466328/pdf/annsurg00844-0095.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14459677?tool=bestpractice.com[3]Fattahi TT, Lyu PE, Van Sickels JE. Management of acute suppurative parotitis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2002;60:446-448.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11928106?tool=bestpractice.com尽管患者大多数为老年人,但也可能波及新生儿、早产儿和低龄儿童。[4]Laskawi R, Schaffranietz F, Arglebe C, et al. Inflammatory diseases of the salivary glands in infants and adolescents. Int J Pediatr Otothinolaryngol. 2006;70:129-136.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16105693?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Singh SA, Singhal N. Suppurative submandibular sialadenitis in a preterm infant. Int J Pediatr Otothinolaryngol. 2004;68:593-595.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15081235?tool=bestpractice.com[6]McAdams RM, Mair EA, Rajnik M. Neonatal suppurative submandibular sialadenitis: case report and literature review. Int J Pediatr Otothinolaryngol. 2005;69:993-997.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15911021?tool=bestpractice.com慢性复发性唾液腺炎在成年人的发病率是儿童的10倍,发病年龄在成年人中为40~60岁,而在儿童中为4个月至15岁。[7]Seifert G. Aetiological and histological classification of sialadenitis. Pathologica. 1997;89:7-17.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9223909?tool=bestpractice.com慢性硬化性唾液腺炎的发病率和患病率尚未得知,但远低于急性或慢性复发性唾液腺炎。干燥综合征的人群患病率在0.50%~1.56%,高峰年龄为50~60岁且好发于女性(性别比9:1)。[8]Fox PC, Ship JA. Salivary gland diseases. In: Greenberg MS, Glick M, Ship JA, ed. Burkket's oral medicine. 11th ed. Hamilton, Ontario: BC Decker. 2008:208-215.[9]Fox RI. Sjogren's syndrome. Lancet. 2005;366:321-331.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16039337?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Kabasakal Y, Kitapciglu G, Turk T, et al. The prevalence of Sjogren's syndrome in adult women. Scand J Rheumatol. 2006;35:379-383.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062438?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Manthorpe R, Manthorpe T. Primary Sjogren's syndrome: epidemiology and prognosis. Akt Rheumatol. 2005;30:27-31.大多数患者将表现为相关的自身免疫性唾液腺炎。[12]Helmick CG, Felson DT, Lawrence RC, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States. Part I. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:15-25.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/art.23177/pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18163481?tool=bestpractice.com[13]Porola P, Laine M, Virkki L, et al. The influence of sex steroids on Sjogren's syndrome. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2007;1108:426-432.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17894007?tool=bestpractice.com