OCD 或 ADHD 家族史很常见。OCD 对一级亲属的 OCD 和抽搐的发展有极大影响。[37]Crane J, Fagerness J, Osiecki L, et al. Family-based genetic association study of DLGAP3 in Tourette syndrome. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2011;156B:108-114.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3066268/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21184590?tool=bestpractice.com[38]Browne HA, Hansen SN, Buxbaum JD, et al. Familial clustering of tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72:359-366.http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2119328http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25692669?tool=bestpractice.com
和 OCD 不同,目前尚未确立 TS 和 ADHD 之间的遗传联系。[39]Lichter DG, Dmochowski J, Jackson LA, et al. Influence of family history on clinical expression of Tourette's syndrome. Neurology. 1999;52:308-316.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9932949?tool=bestpractice.com[40]Yu D, Mathews CA, Scharf JM, et al. Cross-disorder genome-wide analyses suggest a complex genetic relationship between Tourette's syndrome and OCD. Am J Psychiatry. 2015;172:82-93.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4282594/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25158072?tool=bestpractice.com[41]Mathews CA, Grados MA. Familiality of Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: heritability analysis in a large sib-pair sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50:46-54.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3035426/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21156269?tool=bestpractice.com