第一选择
硫唑嘌呤
:
参考当地专科医生治疗方案作为剂量指导。
或
吗替麦考酚酯
:
参考当地专科医生治疗方案作为剂量指导。
或
利妥昔单抗
:
参考当地专科医生治疗方案作为剂量指导。
诊断评估未呈现复发风险,或未发现特异性潜在诊断的单次发作 TM,不需要预防未来发作的治疗。长节段性 TM 应检测视神经脊髓炎 IgG。[8]Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Lucchinetti CF, et al. The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica. Lancet Neurol. 2007;6:805-815.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17706564?tool=bestpractice.com[23]Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ, et al. A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2004;364:2106-2112.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15589308?tool=bestpractice.com 血清阳性患者需考虑患有视神经脊髓炎谱系病,应接受免疫抑制治疗至少 5 年,因为 TM 和视神经炎复发的风险非常高(超过 50% 在 1 年内复发)。[4]Weinshenker BG, Wingerchuk DM, Vukusic S, et al. Neuromyelitis optica IgG predicts relapse after longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Ann Neurol. 2006;59:566-569.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16453327?tool=bestpractice.com最常用的药物有硫唑嘌呤、麦考酚酸酯和利妥昔单抗。[69]Yavin Y, Cohen AT. Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for the medical patient: where do we stand? Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;29:75-82.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18302089?tool=bestpractice.com[70]Mandler RN, Ahmed W, Dencoff JE. Devic's neuromyelitis optica: a prospective study of seven patients treated with prednisone and azathioprine. Neurology. 1998;51:1219-1220.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9781568?tool=bestpractice.com[71]Cree BA, Lamb S, Morgan K, et al. An open label study of the effects of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology. 2005;64:1270-1272.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15824362?tool=bestpractice.com[72]Jacob A, Weinshenker BG, Violich I, et al. Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with rituximab: retrospective analysis of 25 patients. Arch Neurol. 2008;65:1443-1448.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18779415?tool=bestpractice.com[73]Wingerchuk DM, Weinshenker BG. Neuromyelitis optica. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2008;10:55-66.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18325300?tool=bestpractice.com