死亡率,感染,或透析需求:来自汇总 7 项随机对照临床试验、11,425 例患者的系统评价中的高质量证据表明,严格的血糖控制并不能降低 28 天死亡率,感染或透析需求,但可增加低血糖的风险。[17]Marik PE, Preiser JC. Toward understanding tight glycemic control in the ICU: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest. 2010 Mar;137(3):544-51.http://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(10)60130-4/pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20018803?tool=bestpractice.com 有趣的是,死亡率似乎与肠外营养(TPN)的热量比直接相关。[16]van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa011300#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11794168?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 2;354(5):449-61.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa052521#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452557?tool=bestpractice.com 进一步剔除2项临床试验后见到对照组患者的死亡率更低。结果的差异可能与使用TPN或血糖波动相关,而非仅与血糖控制水平相关。
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
死亡率,感染,或透析需求:来自汇总 7 项随机对照临床试验、11,425 例患者的系统评价中的高质量证据表明,严格的血糖控制并不能降低 28 天死亡率,感染或透析需求,但可增加低血糖的风险。[17]Marik PE, Preiser JC. Toward understanding tight glycemic control in the ICU: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest. 2010 Mar;137(3):544-51.http://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(10)60130-4/pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20018803?tool=bestpractice.com 有趣的是,死亡率似乎与肠外营养(TPN)的热量比直接相关。[16]van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa011300#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11794168?tool=bestpractice.com[18]Van den Berghe G, Wilmer A, Hermans G, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in the medical ICU. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 2;354(5):449-61.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa052521#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452557?tool=bestpractice.com 进一步剔除2项临床试验后见到对照组患者的死亡率更低。结果的差异可能与使用TPN或血糖波动相关,而非仅与血糖控制水平相关。
血糖控制:高质量证据表明,与内科重症监护病房 (ICU) 患者相比,强化血糖控制可使外科 ICU 患者获益更多。[10]ACE/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes. American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient diabetes and glycemic control. Endocr Pract. 2006 Jul-Aug;12(4):458-68.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/8/1955.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16983798?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. 2009 May-Jun;15(4):353-69.https://www.aace.com/files/inpatientglycemiccontrolconsensusstatement.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19454396?tool=bestpractice.com[16]van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa011300#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11794168?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
血糖控制:高质量证据表明,与内科重症监护病房 (ICU) 患者相比,强化血糖控制可使外科 ICU 患者获益更多。[10]ACE/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes. American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient diabetes and glycemic control. Endocr Pract. 2006 Jul-Aug;12(4):458-68.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/8/1955.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16983798?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. 2009 May-Jun;15(4):353-69.https://www.aace.com/files/inpatientglycemiccontrolconsensusstatement.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19454396?tool=bestpractice.com[16]van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa011300#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11794168?tool=bestpractice.com
重症监护病房时间及住院时间:高质量证据表明,有效的高血糖管理可减少重症监护病房时间及住院时间。[10]ACE/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes. American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient diabetes and glycemic control. Endocr Pract. 2006 Jul-Aug;12(4):458-68.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/8/1955.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16983798?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. 2009 May-Jun;15(4):353-69.https://www.aace.com/files/inpatientglycemiccontrolconsensusstatement.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19454396?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
重症监护病房时间及住院时间:高质量证据表明,有效的高血糖管理可减少重症监护病房时间及住院时间。[10]ACE/ADA Task Force on Inpatient Diabetes. American College of Endocrinology and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient diabetes and glycemic control. Endocr Pract. 2006 Jul-Aug;12(4):458-68.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/8/1955.fullhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16983798?tool=bestpractice.com[11]Moghissi ES, Korytkowski MT, DiNardo M, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Diabetes Association consensus statement on inpatient glycemic control. 2009 May-Jun;15(4):353-69.https://www.aace.com/files/inpatientglycemiccontrolconsensusstatement.pdfhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19454396?tool=bestpractice.com
住院死亡率:来自于观察性研究的中等质量证据表明,有新近发现高血糖的患者的院内死亡率显著高于已知糖尿病患者及血糖正常的患者。[5]Fonseca V. Newly diagnosed diabetes/hyperglycemia in hospitals: what should we do? Endocr Pract. 2006 Jul-Aug;12 Suppl 3:108-11.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16905526?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
住院死亡率:来自于观察性研究的中等质量证据表明,有新近发现高血糖的患者的院内死亡率显著高于已知糖尿病患者及血糖正常的患者。[5]Fonseca V. Newly diagnosed diabetes/hyperglycemia in hospitals: what should we do? Endocr Pract. 2006 Jul-Aug;12 Suppl 3:108-11.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16905526?tool=bestpractice.com
对重症患者行强化血糖控制的影响:中等质量的证据表明,强化血糖控制并未明显减少住院死亡率,反而会增加低血糖的风险(meta 分析)。[22]Wiener RS, Wiener DC, Larson RJ. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008 Aug 27;300(8):933-44.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728267?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
对重症患者行强化血糖控制的影响:中等质量的证据表明,强化血糖控制并未明显减少住院死亡率,反而会增加低血糖的风险(meta 分析)。[22]Wiener RS, Wiener DC, Larson RJ. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008 Aug 27;300(8):933-44.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728267?tool=bestpractice.com
改善非重症监护病房的 2 型糖尿病患者的血糖控制:中等质量证据表明,基于滑动普通胰岛素治疗方案与基础-餐前胰岛素方案的比较,在普通病房患者中使用胰岛素可改善血糖控制。[36]Umpierrez G, Smiley D, Zisman A, et al. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes (RABBIT 2 trial). Diabetes Care. 2007 Sep;30(9):2181-6.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/30/9/2181.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17513708?tool=bestpractice.com
系统评价或者受试者>200名的随机对照临床试验(RCT)。
改善非重症监护病房的 2 型糖尿病患者的血糖控制:中等质量证据表明,基于滑动普通胰岛素治疗方案与基础-餐前胰岛素方案的比较,在普通病房患者中使用胰岛素可改善血糖控制。[36]Umpierrez G, Smiley D, Zisman A, et al. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes (RABBIT 2 trial). Diabetes Care. 2007 Sep;30(9):2181-6.http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/30/9/2181.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17513708?tool=bestpractice.com