男性性腺功能减退症

Wang C, Nieschlag E, Swerdloff R, et al. Investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males: ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA and ASA recommendations. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159:507-514.

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Araujo AB, Esche GR, Kupelian V, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:4241-4247.

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Araujo AB, O'Donnell AB, Brambilla DJ, et al. Prevalence and incidence of androgen deficiency in middle-aged and older men: estimates from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5920-5926.

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Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, et al. Testosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:2536-2559.

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Whitcomb RW, Crowley WF Jr. Clinical Review 4: Diagnosis and treatment of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70:3-7.

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Wang C, Jackson G, Jones TH, et al. Low testosterone associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome contributes to sexual dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1669-1675.

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Buvat J, Maggi M, Guay A, et al. Testosterone deficiency in men: systematic review and standard operating procedures for diagnosis and treatment. J Sex Med. 2013;10:245-284.

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Spratt DI, Finkelstein JS, O'Dea LS, et al. Long-term administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. A model for studies of the hormone's physiologic effects. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:848-855.

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1.  Lunenfeld B, Mskhalaya G, Zitzmann M, et al. Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of hypogonadism in men. Aging Male. 2015;18:5-15.

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2.  Wang C, Nieschlag E, Swerdloff R, et al. Investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males: ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA and ASA recommendations. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159:507-514.

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• 摘要

3.  Araujo AB, Esche GR, Kupelian V, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic androgen deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:4241-4247.

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• 摘要

4.  Araujo AB, O'Donnell AB, Brambilla DJ, et al. Prevalence and incidence of androgen deficiency in middle-aged and older men: estimates from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5920-5926.

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5.  Tajar A, Forti G, O'Neill TW, et al; EMAS Group. Characteristics of secondary, primary, and compensated hypogonadism in aging men: evidence from the European male ageing study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:1810-1818.

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6.  Bhasin S, Cunningham GR, Hayes FJ, et al. Testosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndromes: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:2536-2559.

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7.  Bojesen A, Juul S, Gravholt CH. Prenatal and postnatal prevalence of Klinefelter syndrome: a national registry study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:622-626.

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8.  Groth KA, Skakkebæk A, Høst C, et al. Clinical review: Klinefelter syndrome - a clinical update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:20-30.

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9.  Friedman NM, Plymate SR. Leydig cell dysfunction and gynaecomastia in adult males treated with alkylating agents. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1980;12:553-556.

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10.  Whitcomb RW, Crowley WF Jr. Clinical Review 4: Diagnosis and treatment of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990;70:3-7.

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11.  Wang C, Jackson G, Jones TH, et al. Low testosterone associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome contributes to sexual dysfunction and cardiovascular disease risk in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:1669-1675.

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12.  Grant NN, Anawalt BD. Male hypogonadism in the primary care clinic. Prim Care. 2003;30:743-763.

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13.  Buvat J, Maggi M, Guay A, et al. Testosterone deficiency in men: systematic review and standard operating procedures for diagnosis and treatment. J Sex Med. 2013;10:245-284.

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14.  Rochira V, Balestrieri A, Madeo B, et al. Congenital estrogen deficiency in men: a new syndrome with different phenotypes; clinical and therapeutic implications in men. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;193:19-28.

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15.  Layman LC. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2007;36:283-296.

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16.  Braunstein GD. Gynecomastia. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:1229-1237.

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17.  Ferlin A, Arredi B, Speltra E, et al. Molecular and clinical characterization of Y chromosome microdeletions in infertile men: a 10-year experience in Italy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:762-770.

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18.  Cooper TG, Noonan E, von Eckardstein S, et al. World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Hum Reprod Update. 2010;16:231-245.

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19.  Hatzimouratidis K, Eardley I, Giuliano F, et al; European Association of Urology. Guidelines on male sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation. 2015. http://uroweb.org/ (last accessed 11 November 2016).

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20.  Edelstein D, Dobs A, Basaria S. Emerging drugs for hypogonadism. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs. 2006;11:685-707.

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21.  Edelstein D, Sivanandy M, Shahani S, et al. The latest options and future agents for treating male hypogonadism. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8:2991-3008.

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22.  Spratt DI, Finkelstein JS, O'Dea LS, et al. Long-term administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in men with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. A model for studies of the hormone's physiologic effects. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:848-855.

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23.  Parker A, Bruha M, Akinola O, et al. A summary of the controversy surrounding off-label medications in men's health. Transl Androl Urol. 2016;5:201-206.

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24.  Kaufman JM, Miller MG, Garwin JL, et al. Efficacy and safety study of 1.62% testosterone gel for the treatment of hypogonadal men. J Sex Med. 2011;8:2079-2089.

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25.  Jordan WP Jr. Allergy and topical irritation associated with transdermal testosterone administration: a comparison of scrotal and nonscrotal transdermal systems. Am J Contact Dermat. 1997;8:108-113.

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26.  Delanoe D, Fougeyrollas B, Meyer L, et al. Androgenisation of female partners of men on medroxyprogesterone acetate/percutaneous testosterone contraception. Lancet. 1984;1:276.

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27.  Moore N, Paux G, Noblet C, et al. Spouse-related drug side-effects. Lancet. 1988;1:468.

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28.  Yu YM, Punyasavatsu N, Elder D, et al. Sexual development in a two-year-old boy induced by topical exposure to testosterone. Pediatrics. 1999;104:e23.

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29.  American Society of Andrology. Testosterone replacement therapy for male aging: ASA position statement. J Androl. 2006;27:133-134.

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30.  Malkin CJ, Pugh PJ, West JN, et al. Testosterone therapy in men with moderate severity heart failure: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:57-64.

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31.  Caminiti G, Volterrani M, Iellamo F, et al. Effect of long-acting testosterone treatment on functional exercise capacity, skeletal muscle performance, insulin resistance, and baroreflex sensitivity in elderly patients with chronic heart failure: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:919-927.

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32.  Basaria S, Coviello AD, Travison TG, et al. Adverse events associated with testosterone administration. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:109-122.

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33.  Carson CC 3rd, Rosano G. Exogenous testosterone, cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly men: a review of trial data. J Sex Med. 2012;9:54-67.

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34.  English KM, Steeds RP, Jones TH, et al. Low-dose transdermal testosterone therapy improves angina threshold in men with chronic stable angina: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Circulation. 2000;102:1906-1911.

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35.  Jones TH, Arver S, Behre HM, et al; TIMES2 Investigators. Testosterone replacement in hypogonadal men with type 2 diabetes and/or metabolic syndrome (the TIMES2 study). Diabetes Care. 2011;34:828-837.

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36.  Sharma R, Oni OA, Gupta K, et al. Normalization of testosterone level is associated with reduced incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality in men. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2706-2715.

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37.  Srinivas-Shankar U, Roberts SA, Connolly MJ, et al. Effects of testosterone on muscle strength, physical function, body composition, and quality of life in intermediate-frail and frail elderly men: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:639-650.

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38.  Vigen R, O'Donnell CI, Barón AE, et al. Association of testosterone therapy with mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke in men with low testosterone levels. JAMA. 2013;310:1829-1836.

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39.  Malkin CJ, Pugh PJ, Jones RD, et al. The effect of testosterone replacement on endogenous inflammatory cytokines and lipid profiles in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:3313-3318.

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40.  Liu PY, Yee B, Wishart SM, et al. The short-term effects of high-dose testosterone on sleep, breathing, and function in older men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3605-3613.

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41.  Kohn TP, Mata DA, Ramasamy R, et al. Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on lower urinary tract symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2016;69:1083-1090.

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