葡萄胎的发生率由葡萄胎妊娠占妊娠总数的比例来表示。在美国,每 1000 至 1200 例妊娠可发现 1 例妊娠滋养细胞疾病 (GTD),每 600 例治疗性流产有 1 例妊娠滋养细胞疾病 (GTD)。[2]Smith HO. Gestational trophoblastic disease epidemiology and trends. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2003;46:541-556.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972736?tool=bestpractice.com在芬兰, 27 年内的葡萄胎发病率为每百万名女性 73 例或每百万次分娩 984 例。[3]Loukovaara M, Pukkala E, Lehtovirta P, et al. Epidemiology of hydatidiform mole in Finland, 1975 to 2001. Eur J Gynaecol. Oncol. 2005;26:207-208.曾经认为拉丁美洲和亚洲国家/地区的发病率较高,但研究并未发现如此。[4]Altieri A, Franceschi S, Ferlay J, et al. Epidemiology and aetiology of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:670-678.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14602247?tool=bestpractice.com[5]Kim SJ, Bae SN, Kim JH, et al. Epidemiology and time trends of gestational trophoblastic disease in Korea. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1998;60(suppl 1):S33-S38.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9833613?tool=bestpractice.com既往诊断为葡萄胎的患者,后续妊娠发生葡萄胎的可能性为 1% 至 2%。[6]Sebire NJ, Fisher RA, Foskett M, et al. Risk of recurrent hydatidiform mole and subsequent pregnancy outcome following complete or partial hydatidiform molar pregnancy. BJOG. 2003;110:22-26.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12504931?tool=bestpractice.com在 35 岁以上女性中,罹患妊娠滋养细胞疾病 (GTD) 机率明显较高,且随着孕妇年龄的增加而逐渐增加。[7]Altman AD, Bentley B, Murray S, et al. Maternal age-related rates of gestational trophoblastic disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112:244-250.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669718?tool=bestpractice.com小于 20 岁的孕妇,GTD 发生率略有增加。[8]Di Cintio E, Parazzini F, Rosa C, et al. The epidemiology of gestational trophoblastic disease. Gen Diagn Pathol. 1997;143:103-108.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9443567?tool=bestpractice.com[7]Altman AD, Bentley B, Murray S, et al. Maternal age-related rates of gestational trophoblastic disease. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112:244-250.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669718?tool=bestpractice.com尽管有这些结果,但大多数葡萄胎妊娠发生在 20 至 30 岁的女性中,因为这个年龄的妊娠总数较大。