刚果民主共和国埃博拉爆发：最新情况
2018 年 8 月，世界卫生组织 (WHO) 宣布刚果民主共和国爆发了一次埃博拉疫情。截至 2019年4月9日，北基伍省和伊图里省报道了1186 例确诊和疑似病例，包括751例死亡。共计87名卫生工作者遭到感染。这使得它成为西非2014-2016 爆发埃博拉疫情以来的第二大规模爆发。在这次疫情爆发期间, 妇女和儿童感染人数过多。
WHO评定认为，疾病在国家和区域间传播的风险极高，但全球风险水平较低。受影响地区与卢旺达和乌干达接壤，WHO指出，长期的人道主义危机和这一地区安全局势的恶化有时限制了应对活动的开展。据报道，近期暴力活动有所增加，包括对埃博拉治疗中心的大规模、有组织的袭击。该国同时正在经历其他流行病 （例如疟疾、霍乱、疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎）。
目前正在采用 rVSV-ZEBOV 疫苗对卫生工作者和埃博拉患者接触者进行环状接种。目前，在同情用药/扩大使用框架下，已批准实验性治疗药物（mAb114、remdesivir、ZMapp、法匹拉韦和 REGN3470-3471-3479）用于当前的疫情。一项随机对照试验已经开始评估这些药物的安全性和有效性。这是首次针对埃博拉治疗的多药物试验。
根据现有信息，WHO 建议不要对DRC的旅行和贸易进行任何限制。 截至 2019年4月12日，WHO确认，这次疫情不构成国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。
参见:流行病学小结
定义
病史和查体
诊断性检查
治疗流程
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Senior Lecturer (Honorary Consultant)
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Liverpool
UK
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NJB is an author of several references cited in this monograph. NJB is partially supported by the National Institute of Health Research Health Protection Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at the University of Liverpool and Public Health England. He is affiliated with the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. Views expressed in this monograph are those of the contributor and do not necessarily represent the official position of the National Health Service, the National Institute for Health Research, the Department of Health, or Public Health England.Specialist Trainee in Infectious Diseases
Royal Liverpool University Hospital
Liverpool
UK
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MF declares that he has no competing interests.Wellcome Trust/MoD Research Fellow
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Liverpool
UK
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TEF is an author of a number of references cited in this monograph. TEF is a consultant to the World Health Organization, and is funded by the UK Surgeon General and the Wellcome Trust.Clinical Lecturer
University College London
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
London
UK
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CFH declares that she has no competing interests.Dr Nicholas J. Beeching, Dr Manuel Fenech, Dr Tom E. Fletcher, and Dr Catherine F. Houlihan would like to thank Dr Colin Brown (Infectious Disease Lead, Kings Sierra Leone Partnership) for his helpful comments and insights. CB declares that he has no competing interests.
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Wade Hampton Frost Professor of Epidemiology
Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Pathology
Chief
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health
University of Virginia
Charlottesville
VA
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WAP declares that he has no competing interests.Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology
UT Health Medical School
Medical Director of Epidemiology
Memorial Hermann Texas Medical Center
Houston
TX
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LO-Z declares that he has no competing interests.Consultant in Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
London
UK
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SM declares that he has no competing interests.
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