在美国,多囊卵巢综合征会累及约 6%-8% 的育龄女性(使用 1990 年美国国立卫生研究院的标准)。[1]Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif A, Givens JR, Haseltine F, et al., eds. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific; 1992:377-384.[7]Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, et al. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2745-9.http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/6/2745http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15181052?tool=bestpractice.com 在全球各地的患病率似乎差别不大,在希腊,西班牙以及英国的患病率类似。[8]Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kouli CR, Bergiele AT, et al. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Nov;84(11):4006-11.http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/84/11/4006http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10566641?tool=bestpractice.com[9]Asuncion M, Calvo RM, San Millan JL, et al. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jul;85(7):2434-8.http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/85/7/2434http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10902790?tool=bestpractice.com[10]Michelmore KF, Balen AH, Dunger DB, et al. Polycystic ovaries and associated clinical and biochemical features in young women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999 Dec;51(6):779-86.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10619984?tool=bestpractice.com 一项关于美籍墨西哥裔(有胰岛素抵抗和代谢综合征的高危人群)的调查问卷研究显示:其多囊卵巢综合征的发病率更高。[11]Goodarzi MO, Quiñones MJ, Azziz R, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome in Mexican-Americans: prevalence and association with the severity of insulin resistance. Fertil Steril. 2005 Sep;84(3):766-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16169421?tool=bestpractice.com 一项小的初步研究显示在澳大利亚本土人群中多囊卵巢综合征的发病率高。[12]Davis SR, Knight S, White V, et al. Preliminary indication of a high prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in indigenous Australian women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2002 Dec;16(6):443-6.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12626030?tool=bestpractice.com 目前没有关于多囊卵巢综合征发病率的前瞻性研究。其症状开始于青春期,且困扰女性。然而,在多囊卵巢综合征家族的男性,可能也存在一些表现,包括多毛、早熟性男性秃顶、硫酸脱氢表雄酮 (dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, DHEAS) 升高,动态功能检测的激素反应异常以及胰岛素敏感性和分泌的异常。[13]Sam S, Sung YA, Legro RS. Evidence for pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism. 2008 Jan;57(1):84-9.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18078863?tool=bestpractice.com[14]Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Demers L, et al. Elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels as the reproductive phenotype in the brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;87(5):2134-8.http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/87/5/2134http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11994353?tool=bestpractice.com
多囊卵巢综合征在女性高雄激素的患者中约占 80%-90%。在一组表现为雄激素过多或者排卵功能障碍的女性中,约 80% 的患者有多囊卵巢综合征;3% 的患者有雄激素增多-胰岛素抵抗-黑棘皮症综合征;1.5% 的患者有 21-羟化酶缺陷的非经典的肾上腺增生;0.6% 的患者有 21-羟化酶缺陷导致的典型肾上腺增生;0.2% 的患者有分泌雄激素的肿瘤。[15]Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Feb;89(2):453-62.http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/2/453http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14764747?tool=bestpractice.com