减重和二甲双胍可以预防糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化。这是基于非 PCOS 人群的临床试验的外推(糖尿病前期和糖尿病)。[146]Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa012512#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11832527?tool=bestpractice.com[147]UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):854-65.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9742977?tool=bestpractice.com[48]Wild RA, Carmina E, Amanti-Kandarakis E, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2038-49.http://jcem.endojournals.org/content/95/5/2038.longhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20375205?tool=bestpractice.com
生活方式的改变,包括增加体力活动和健康的饮食导致体重减轻和身体成分改善(例如体脂百分比降低、腰臀比降低),也可能可以预防 PCOS 患者发生糖尿病,尽管这个结论并没有作为 PCOS 长期的预防措施进行研究。[146]Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403.http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa012512#t=articlehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11832527?tool=bestpractice.com[180]Haqq L, McFarlane J, Dieberg G, et al. The effect of lifestyle intervention on body composition, glycemic control, and cardiorespiratory fitness in polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015 Dec;25(6):533-40.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24668721?tool=bestpractice.com
多囊卵巢综合征患者应告知她们母亲和姐妹与普通人群相比,她们的多囊卵巢综合征的风险增加。因此对妹妹进行筛查可能会帮助早期识别 PCOS。